Time Designs

MAY/JUNE 86 $3.00
VOL.2 NO.4

FOR ALL TIMEX AND SINCLAIR COMPUTERS

EXPAND

Your Sinclair’s Potential! _

*A floppy disc-like
DIRECTORY for your
cassettes

*MC Tape Header Reader

' *TS/ZX Program Chaining

*Reader Tips

*Much More!

curry
| “We know the QL ... We've been appreciating it longer.’
computer

QL Special #1 — $289.95

>QL Computer-free ground shipping > QL Computer
>WD Utility Prg. worth $16.95 > Free 2nd Day Air
>Subscription QL Report $15.00 shipping!
>8 Free programs including: ;
= ae el: sti Both packages include the 4 I
= ae Psion programs. l
pill ei ae cae These same 4 prgs. are also

QL Special #2 — $299.95

— calculator prg.
— and more

— Take 20% off the following if ordered at the same time: ICE, QSpell and/or Centronics I/F

While other computer companies
talk about bringing the power of
computing within reach of ordinary
people someday soon, the Sinclair
QL puts extraordinary power into
their grasp, today. The power of the

avail. on the IBM and
retail for $695.00.

The QL delivers up to 512 x 256-
pixel full-color resolution or black-
and-white display. It can be used
with either a monitor or an ordinary
TV. It has two RS-232C serial inter-
faces and accepts joystick cursor

Mie. =
_ “

define relationships, extract data
and reorganize it, do statistical and
accounting calculations, and more
A spreadsheet program so simple
to use you can do a complete
“what-if” calculation in a single

«
32-bit architecture of the Motorola control. keystroke. And a graphics program
i S f 12 with 32-bit speed to create spectac- :
ee a ome ee Included with the QL are four | : P | P
RAM, expandable to 640K. Of two ular and immediate effects for
sophisticated, powerful and easy- f

built-in Sinclair Microdrives for
mass storage. Of networking. Of
a full-size QWERTY keyboard.
And of an operating system that
accommodates windows and even
multi-tasking.

to-use programs. A word processing
program with the power and sim-
plicity of dedicated word process-
ing, that lets you print exactly what
you see on the screen. A database
management program with up to
256 data fields, in which you can

P.O. Box 5607 e Glendale, Arizona 85312-5607 e 1-602-978-2902

OFFICE: 2412 West Greenway e Suite B-10 e Phoenix, Arizona

home or business

The price for all this power? That

may be the QL's most powerful fea-

ture of all

e Telex (via WUI): 6501267701

NOW
THE SINCLAIR QL
HAS OUR”
FULL SUPPORT.

A*+Computer Response proudly announces their
complete American support for the Sinclair QL and
these fully authorized dealers:

¢ Russell Electronics * RMG Enterprises © T.E.J. Computer Products ¢ Sharp’s Inc.

Red Mill Rd. 1419.5 Seventh St. 859 N. Virgil Ave. Route 10, Box 459
Center Hall, PA 16828 Oregon City, OR 97405 Los Angeles, CA 90029 Mechanicsville, VA 23111
814-364-1325 903-655-7484 213-669-1418 804-746-1644

¢ Curry Computer ¢ Foundation ea Sunset Electronics ¢ SCAD/ware
9344 Banff Lane 17620 26 Mile Rd. 2254 Taraval St. Route 16, Box 37
Glendale, AZ 85306 Washington, MI 48904 San Francisco, CA 94116 Church Creek, MD 21622
602-978-2902 313-781-5800 415-665-8330 301-228-7910

¢ Pyramid Electronics © Harry S. Walters * Knighted Computers ¢ Brice Road Pharmacy
2174 Gulf Gate Drive 101 Bassick Rd. 707 Highland St. 1653 Brice Road
Sarasota, FL 33581 Trumbull, Ct. 06611 Fulton, NY 13069 Reynoldsburg, OH 43068
813-922-9574 315-593-8219 614-861-3600

A Computer esponse

Prompt, Professional Sales & Service

69-B Island St. ® Keene, N.H. 03431 © (603) 357-1800

We have purchased the entire remaining
stock from the publisher. When this
great book Is gone, no more wil! be
published. Reserve your copy today!

Current!
for $24.

GET
BOTH
“‘Control
Things”
and
té 7X8 l 95
Package
® For Only

$10.00

Postage
Paid

5

MORE RESOURCES FOR YOUR SINCLAIR
FROM TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE COMPANY...

Contol Things
With Your
Timex Sinclair

By Robert L. Swarts

1500 to work. Control al |
sorts of things around the
house: turn on IIghts and
appliances remotely, mon-
itor temperature in one or
more locations. Build a
programmable |/0 port.
This book shows you how,
plus many more projects.
Also several chapters on

"controlling things."
While this book addresses
the T/S 1000/2ZX81, many
applications would be of
interest To the 2068 user
as well. 183 illustrated

pages. Only
$5.00

Postage Paid

ZX81:
Programming For
Real Applications
By Randle Hurley

Includes 12 Software Programs
on a Cassette Tape

Tired of zapping aliens? Want to
really use your T/S 1000/1500 or
ZX81? Then this book and soft-
ware package Is for you. Many
practical programs to use on the
Sinclair, that will do "real"
jobs In a variety of environ-

| ments: data-base, educational
m programs, financial programs,
and a word processor. Book has
164 pages.

Book and Tape
$6.00

Postage Paid

availlable at book stores
+ Look at our low price...

Send Check or M/O To:
Sorry... No Credit Cards orders.

TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE CO.
29722 Hult Rd —. Colton, OR 97017
Telephone: (503) 824-2658

Put that spare T/S 1000 or J

how to write software for |

The Offical

TIMEX SINCLAIR
2068 TECHNICAL MANUAL

Now in Stock!

TECHNICAL
MANUAL

TIMEX SINCLAIR
2068

PERSONAL

COLOR COMPUTER

Published by The Time Designs Magazine Co.

2nd Edition
Features Many
Improvements

* Full Color Cover
* Spiral Bound

* More Readable
Text

* Reworked Diagrams
and all ‘‘known’’
corrections are made.

We have recently acquired the exclusive publishing
rights to the 2068 TECHNICAL MANUAL from the Timex
Corporation. This Is the same reference aia
they offered for a short time. However

edition is an improved product. The 2068 TECHNICAL
MANUAL is for any T/S 2068 owner who Is Interested
In hardware applications and advanced programming.
Contains a wealth of information, diagrams, charts
and a full-size schematic diagram of the 2068 PC
board bound right in the book. Over 300 pages in
all! We offer the 2068 TECHNICAL MANUAL for the
same price that Timex did. This is not a photo-
copied document, but a professionally printed
book. Now In stock for immediate shipment.

Only $25 Postage Paid

|

ee

a6 5 &

= |

a ee

att ama"e" teen ‘

‘en eet al !
. S|

“a 2. fo 2
oo ee ee |
ane aT eta"a" 6!
ise = "
- - oe

MAGAZINE

MAY/JUNE 86

TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE CO.
29722 Hult Rd.e Colton, Oregon 97017

(S03) 824-2658

|

TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE is published bi-
monthly and is Copyright © 1986 by the Time
Designs Magazine Company, Colton, Oregon
97017. All rights reserved.

Editor: Tim Woods
Assistant Editor: Stephanie Woods
Editorial Assistant/Production: D.L. Woods

Photography:

(unless otherwise noted): Thomas Judd
Printing by; Toad’! Litho Printing and Comp.,
Oregon City, Oregon 97045

SUBSCRIPTIONS: $15 a year for six issues (US
funds only). No extra charge to Canadian
subscribers. All other countries please write for
information on air mail rates.

CUSTOMER SERVICE: Customer satisfaction is
our goal. For subscription service problems
please write or call TIME DESIGNS.

CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Write or call to prevent
delay of sevice,

Reproduction of this magazine in whole or in
part by any means without written permission is
prohibited by law

TIIitTirity |
TIT T TTT tT
SSeS ebaeuugea
SBS SB Seat

“NOTICE: Contributors to TIME DESIGNS are independent
of the TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE CO., and opinions ex-
pressed in the contents of the magazine are not necessarily
those of the management or its advertisers. Time Designs
Magazine Co. will not be held liable for any damage or conse-
quences resulting from instructions, assertions of fact,
review of products or companies provided in the magazine's
content."

oe |
|

) / Editor’s
Corner

= Ps, HH.
€ “a

It's been a very busy two months. We
went out on the road, embarked on a new sub-
scription drive, went into the book pub-
lishing business, and prepared to add an
additional 850 square feet of storage and
work space to our operations.

I have especially enjoyed the letters
we have received. Your suggestions and notes
of encouragement have helped to decide the
upcoming format of TIME DESIGNS. I think
that you will welcome some of the planned
improvements...more T/S 1000 info (continued
coverage of the 2068/Spectrum and QL). There
will be articles and columns for a variety
of special interests like the operation of
full-size printers, hardware modifications,
and programming tricks. And let's face it,
not everyone owns a floppy disk system.
There are some very good alternatives like
the Sinclair Microdrive, Rotronics Wafa-
drive, A&J Micro Drive, and yes, even the
Old reliable cassette (check out Michael
Carver's excellent cassette utility in this
issue). We want to offer tips on all types
of mass-storage medium.

Have you been following along in our
Classified ad section? All subscribers can
place one free personal ad in each issue.
More details can be found in that section.
Our Classifieds have been growing. In fact,
we now have more Sinclair-related ads than a
large popular "buy, sell, and trade" conm-
puter tabloid. I recently obtained a program
that is advertised in the Classifieds called
the "Money Machine" by Herb Bowers. It is a
word game similar to the "Wheel Of Fortune"
TV game show. I was impressed with the de-
tail that Mr. Bowers included in his’ game.
Folks, there's treasure in them thar pages.
Check out the Classifieds.

Renewal Time?

Keep America's foremost Sinclair magazine coming to your
door (and help our overworked secretary too!). An early
renewal Is appreciated. Simply send a check or MO for
$15.00 and state that it is for a renewal. If you happen
to have a label from the envelope your magazine came in,
send it along too. Your subscription expiration date is |
on this label. And just in case you forget, our sec- |
retary will send you a reminder notice. Thanks for your
continued support.

“As I have a Spectrum +, Interface One, two Micro-
drives, Beta Plus DDI (with Amdek III), a working 2050
attached, a rather large assortment of Spectrum software
and subscriptions to 4 UK Spectrum-dedicated magazines, I
tend to regard myself to be a Spectrum buff. Therefore, I
would like to offer this selection of my favorite 1985
Spectrum favorites. The following programs are not in a
specific order, they are all great.”

. Artworx (Novelsoft/Zebra)
Fairlight (The Edge)

Tomahawk (Digital Integration)

. Beta Basic 3.0 (BetaSoft)

. Music Typewriter (Romantic Robot)
. Dun Darach (Gargoyle Games)

. Monepoly (Leisure Genius)
Everyone's A Wally (Mikro-Gen)
Frankie Goes To Hollywood (Ocean)
Astronomy II (CP Software)

7

Ow my Ow & Ww pap =

te

Ian F. Robertson
Islington, Ontario
Canada

Dear Sir:

“I've just read your response to Byron DeFries on
page 3 of the March/April issue. There mav be a bit more
of a problem than you mention. You are right about’ the
frequency difference (50 vs 60Hz) but that is minor, and
most self-respecting transformers are specced from 47 to
63 Hz to cover it. The need for a new transformer (or
adaptor) arises because the British line runs about 230
VAC compared to our 117.

The big problem I forsee is that the British tele-
vision uses a different scan pattern and frequency from
the American one...625 lines by 50 frames. Also, without
checking, the channel frequencies may be different. Thus
plugging into a British TV won't work. Using a video
monitor obtained in the U.K. may have a similar problem.
Here, the monitors follow the U.S. 525 line 60 frame
television pattern. (One likes to make the frame rate the
same as the line frequency to reduce the demand for power
filtering and isolation.) If the UK video monitor follows
their TV standards, the 2068 won't work through that de-
vice without modifications either. Now, I haven't torn
into my 2068 and looked, but it's possible that there's a
jumper change that will adapt the machine for the British
(or other European) standards.”

David Mc Lanahan
Marlow, NH

EDITOR: On, Ma. DeFades could try to hook-up his 2068 to
a Sinclain Pocket TV. It'S compatible with both British
and American standards. 1 understand someone has accomp-
Lished this successfully...afthough they are wearing
thacken Lenses now,

“I purchased an FD-68 Disk Drive I/F from AERCO in
December, 1985. The system disk they sent me was un
readable, and it was returned to them in December for a
replacement. I waited very patiently until the first of
February, at which time I decided to call them (perhaps
they had not received my letter?).

I spoke to a Phil [at AERCO], and was very upset by
his attitude. I was advised that he had been busy doing
‘other more profitable projects’ and that he really did
not want the Timex business. I was quite upset. After
speaking with Rod Gowen of RMG Enterprises [an AERCO
dealer in my area], I was advised to speak to Jerry at
AERCO...

The first of March I was again on the phone to
AERCO. This time | was able to speak to Jerry, who was
very accommodating. Jerry apologized and sent a new disk
out the same day, Air Express. Unfortunately, it was also
unreadable.

I then spoke to Jerry again. He shipped me a 5.25"
disk drive and disk, set up as drive C, for me to make my
own copy. This was also sent Air Express! I ended up
getting a copy from Jack Dohany, a programmer in Calif-
ornia, and did not need to use the drives sent to me by
AERCO. However, their efforts were extraordinary.

I am writing [this letter], as I was very vocal
about poor service and attitude, and aware of others
having the same problem, 45s evidenced in our recent user
group newsletter. However, I cannot say enough good
things about how I was treated by Jerry. I therefore con-
clude that AERCO is really concerned about our business
as well as servicing us after the fact. I would however
suggest anyone who has a problem with AERCO should talk
to Jerry...not Phil!

Unfortunately, a ‘comedy of errors' such as I[ ex-
perienced can ruin a company's reputation. I have pur-
chased other AERCO products in the past and will do so
again. I felt after all my complaining, I should tell the
whole story. Especially, the happy ending.

I hope you chose to publish this as I feel we owe
the companies supporting our computers some good words.
It always seems easy to criticize, yet hard to praise.”

Syd wyncoop
Portland, OR

EDITOR: Your fast sentence hit the "bulfseye". AS a con-
sumer, there seems to be mo excuse 40% poor sevice and
(gasp) mistakes. But as a small business owner, I know
what goes on “behind the scenes". Often just a couple of
empfoyees are weaning the hats of several dozen workers.
The word "busy" <4 an understatement! I feel that the
majority of our T/S vendors fake customer satisfaction
serious£y. If mot, I don't think they would be dong
buscness for Long...but remember, we all mess up once in
awhile.

“I have Found the Burglar Alarm program in the last
[March/April] issue of TDM to be a useful addition to my
TS 2068. However, I have found one problem. Generally
speaking, when the program is loaded with the loop
closed, the joystick port appears to be stuck in the l's
position (pin 1 to pin 8 closure). The program fails to
recognize when an open occurs. If the program is loaded
with the loop open, the system functions correctly. This
situation may be unique to my own computer. However, I
suspect that this is a flaw in the software.

The problem is that the closed loop indicator that
{s written into Register 14 of the PSG during the load
procedure, cannot be cleared when the loop is later
opened. The solution is to either load the circuit with
the loop open, or clear Register 14 when the program is
executed. I chose the latter solution. In the enclosed
program(s), line 35 is used to call the machine code
routine that clears Register 14 of the PSG. Line 15 calls
the routine that POKE's the routine into high memory
(lines 200-250). I have also shown the mnemonic listing
of the machine code routine. Addresses FFEOQ through FFE6
enable Register 7 of the PSG and set bit 6 in the
register. Setting bit 6 in Register 7 enables I/O Port A
(Register 14) of the PSG for output. Addresses FFE8
through FFED enables and zeros Register 14 of the PSG.
The remainder of the routine re-addresses Register 7 and
clears bit 6. This re-enables I/O Port A (Register 14) o*
the PSG for input.

0 EO —— ltt

I have shown two versions of the program. The short
program is a modified version of the program on page 20
of the March/April issue of TDM. The long program is an
auto~loading, user-friendly version. This version is de=-
signed so that my wife and children can easily load and
use the program. The last attachment provides a summary
of my findings. If other readers have had a similar ex-
periences with the program, perhaps this information will
be useful.”

a

User Friendly Version

3@ RES Time Cetrigrt Mer arr #£f

18 GO SUE 2£0¢
ee INPUT “mit (En EF to acta.

© ete aiarm”ias
‘ 3@ PRINT “You hawe Fe ce tends
to leave,”
aisieorks Ok. * Y Seeuemaase ver avers
ore,
a@© CLS : PRINT FLESH 1 PRPEF
6.AT 10,10 “ALARMS ACTIVE
, } so EP STiCcr (1,2: 21 THEN GO Teo
| BE ES SE SS = 2 Se SS = = | - -e e e ] ee ee SS SS SSS SS SS SS SSS SS ee eee SS eee eee ee ee Se i |
: SAVE LOAD WITH WITHOUT | SS CLS — PRINT FLeSr 1. PAEES
| WITH 7 are | MACHINE : MACHINE 7 ES a BR a
| NE | | G6 PRINT AT 12.0 “Preset ars ve
| LOOF | LOOP | CODE | CODE | uw te d€activete atlarer''
| ——— | eee ee j Be SESS Se = = | SS SS Se SS SS SP Se eS Se SS SS SS SS SS ee ee Se ee ee ee eS ee ee eS | : e i Ife InNr.Ers ( i = TRE. Geo Tt ie
| | open | open | ok Be ok most of the time - wut unreliabie | | 6@ PAUSE 1802 REM 70 seceord
Sees s=e22 (2222 e228 © © © | se ee ee eee | = SS SS Se SS SS Se SE SS Se SS SS SS SS SS SS Se Se Se SS SS SE SE Se Se Se Ee = i entrance Tame e
| open | closed | ok | fails to recognize open loop | ee ah oe te te
| 4 ’ a } a
| eee | a a a t —— | —— ES EEE EE SE ee Ee Se eS Se ee | 4 6S IF INKE*§ 3°" TREN GC 7c tz
| closed | open | ok | ok | |
| --------- | --------- — | peewee cnceeceescncscnncsnscecensnsssensee | ,9@ BEES .1,20 BEEF «3-50
eC 7
| closed | closed | ok | fails to recognize open leas i | 240 Go To’ ae GEM Fecete zlacn
eee a Ya i a i ee |e ee —— ee Ee EE Ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee SS | efter = Mit a
al J 190 CLf - PRINT PREES & &- 32,0
' De cw Wer TG FEStCtivate tHE
i 13 REM Time Cesigns Marreapr 8é piare Esttem ‘ " FLae= 5
ea Fi ase @€ Fei!
| s© GO SUB 2ee <— Magazine Version aS ala — = .
2@ INPUT “riit ENTER! to act: i3@ If INreys f° @NI IN*Evse*
| até alarm” as } “w" ANC INP EySio"N GND INGE Sc)
38 Hive sag 3 YOU. nave 30 secon oS “nh” THEN G0 TO ize
t= tea iae if INKEY $= “y CF INKE,YSg="u
73°% NOOMI ZE wsRm 6550: 4
So Tp Stier 12.2) 21 THEN Go TO eg fia 2 sae ceeding TR ced
+2 | #862 3637 #=#& #373+zL - = a>
68 PSUSE 1802 REM Se secons efe> fire Gor ‘es -¢
entrance tame | FEEs 3Faa [Ss aaa
C] Te? FoR zai a, = Fre = CAré =r a A |
80 FOR y=1 TO 380 =FES sE@E —t 4.08
SC SEEF .1.23 BEEP .1.30 228A DSS Sit Fe a
280 NEXT yo NEXT 4 ==F- G= se. ©
21@ GO TG S@ FEM Resets aiare Peer nares -—— me, ¢€
| o ter 0 minutes ac FERE 2885 ~= 3 a7 y
—-@0 FO s62F04 TO €55e6 - he + ie ‘.
| 22 REARS FCKE 3 pare: ae oe |
a yy ' i a F =
| 3e eet ons pore gare Berra: |
240 CGTA 22,7 212.2468 €2,64.2:1 | . <3 © |
46 62.14 213.2485 178.211.245.656 | - ae
' 2 7.221.248 .17f,212.246 20:

TERRIFIC TIPS

Tip #4- Substitutions: Many tokens on the ZX/TS computers
have numeric values and will be interpreted as such while
& program is running. Since tokens are usually stored in
a single byte whiie numbers take up 6 bytes or so, this
trick can save quite a bit of space at the expense cf
slowing down the speed at which the program runs. For

example, rather than “LET 2=0", LET Z= “NOT PI", “SIN
a BY: ZXTS PI", or “TAN Pi”. Likewise, SGN PI = 1, INT PI = 3, COS
Sonscecen| PI = -1, PEEK NOT PI = 211, PEEK PI = 255, PEEK PEEK PI =

135, LEN STRS PI = 9, CODE STR$ PI = 3], INT EXP PI = 23,
and PEEK PEEK RND = 209. No doubt there are plenty more
of these, and for numbers such as ?, which 1 have not

Quick Tip #l- Next time you have some epoxv mixed up, found an expression for yet, use the function VAL. In-
take the time to giue the key into the slot on vour edge stead of LET X = 2, LET X = VAL "2". A whole equation can
connectors (RAM Packs, ect.) by placing just a bit of also be surrounded by VAL, such as LET Z = VAL “2+
glue at the top and bottom end of the key. I've had a few (404/17)". You will be suprised at the memory saved by
of these fall out and the results of misaligning a RAM utilizing this trick.

| pack could be disastrous when you power up. (Sinclair Tip #5- Word Substitutes: In Print statements, strings
Canada does this on all their 16K RAMs.) and prompts, use keywords and tokens to save memory also.
Quick Tip #2- If you are using Radic Shack TP-10 Printer Instead of a line like- 20 PRINT “ENTER TODAY'S DATE”,
Paper (Cat. No. 26-1332) in your 2040 printer, put two use- 20 PRINT “INPUT TODAY'S DATE”, which saves 4 bytes.
pennies at each end of the roll to keep the smaller TP-10 Do this by using the keyword THEN after the first quote
roll feeding evenly. (How's that for a cheap fix?) mark, typing the I key for INPUT, and then deleting the
Quick Tip #3- If you are still experiencing RA™ pack THEN token. Since it is within the quote marks, the
wobbie and the resulting “white-out", place some rubber computer simply prints it. AND, STOP, THEN, NOT, FAST and
or felt “sticky pads” under the rear two feet of ycur RUN are also good candidates to use in this way. Ex-
ZX/TS. This allows the RAM pack to hang off the edge periment with these and have fun.
connector, thus not wiggling loose as you press the key-
board. Anthony Willing

Printer Tips

Gorilla Banana

“If I teld you that it was possible to get 100
ribbons for your printer for the price of one, would you
be interested?

As most of you, I have been frustrated with the cost
and availability of ribbons. The way my printer runs, I
have been known to use up more than a ribbon a week.
Sometimes I run them until the print is barely legible.

I began to think that spending $7.95 on ai ribbon
that is only about 24" long, was a real waste of money.
Consequently, I began to experiment with alternative
pessibilities.

The outcome of my experimentation, is a simple,
fast wav tc re-ink the fabric. And, since each re-inking
takes only about four drops of ink, one bottle of ink car
certainly re-ink more than 100 ribbons. However, the ink
i used is not a standard office supply item that one can
find at the corner stere, but a special ink designed only
for inking ribbons.

In order to buy the ink at a reasonable price, one
Was Teguirec to buy gallen lots...hardly the thing most
ef us want to de.

After discussing my idea with Rod Gowen of RMG
Enterprises (1419 1/2 *th St., Oregon City, OR 97045),
Rec @greed te package a kit containing enough ink to do
100 ribbons, applicator swabs, plastic “ageire

c instructions for $7.95 plus §2.00 shipping
the price of one store-bought ribbon).

If you decide to try one of these kits, remeber that
there are some tricks te getting the re-inking to work
properly and evenly. Ss follow the instructions to the
jetter.

I'm sure that if vou own a Gorilla Banana or clone,
you will find this kit to be the bargain of the year.”

7 ao F
i@a:® : ie

Vincent Lyon

GE TXP-1000

“I recently solved the code for usine the GE 3-81004
(TXP1000) Letter Quality Printer with the AERCO printer
interface. You use the pr-= coder as described in the
instructions, then do the POKES regeuired te use RAND USER
64844 to COPY as the instructions svzresit, then use the
following POKE's, and it will work grea::

POKE 64785,22 (Copy function Variable Line Spacing)
POKE 64836,24 (Printer Reset)

from Zebra Systems, Inc.) for this printer, the changes
are as follows:

I have also modified ZPRINI (‘rtrinter utility scftware

use Epson Rx/Fx code (#5)
POKE 64601,24 (Printer Rese*)

POKE 64617,51 (Variable Line Spacing for wide screen
POKE 64618,16 copy)

POKE 64625,51 (Variable Line Spacing for regular copy)
POKE 64626, 22

POKE 64633,68 (Horizontal Tab for regular copy 17 is the
POKE 64634,17 left margin so change as you desire)
POKE 64636,9

Also of interest, you can POKE 64801,76 and pet a
width regular screen copy. This is mermaliv 75--75=466¢
bit graphics mode and /6=96C bit graphics r:< :

half-

Licvd C. Bowen Jr

ss siaclliaslniiasliaciiaiiedieasiactasiadasiastatadiadedbeteteseiadatatakstad ttt k tt tt tt tet LLL TTT

7h P woe i NG. THE 2. BRA GRAPH TES

FG. F West

inslinsMiaslicstiasinsMaiaestartetadadasieesiadidetadediadetetedatuabtatada ttt tt tt tte tt LLL TL

Users of the Zebra Graphics Tablet will have neo
doubt noticed the annoying behavior that I will term
“Spray”. lf you don't press the stylus against the tablet
very firmly, you get a wild spray of dots.

You may have alse noticed that the “Spray” tends to
be directed towards the center of the tablet. This is be-
cause there are a pair of centering resistors which cause
tablet readings to return to center when there is no con-
tact with the graphics tablet. The “Spray” phenomena is
essentially micro seperations of stylus contact. The
duration of these micro seperations is very short but the
cursor instantly centers on each seperation event, there-
fore causing the “Spray”.

By eliminating the instant centering of the tablet
you wiil be eliminating the “Spray” phenomena. You can do
this by removing two resistors and replacing them with
0.1 uf capacitors. Te do this follow the instructions
below...

1) Place the tablet upside down and remove 7 screws.

2) Carefully separate bottom of tablet from top. Un-

plug two connections from the pc board inside.

3) Unscrew the pe beard from bottom of the tablet.

4) Desolder the two resistors indicated in the

diarram.

5) Selder two 0.1] uf ceramic disc capacitors inte

the vacated resistor locations.
Put your graphics tablet back together (this may be a bit
tricky’ and try it out. You will notice a signigicant
improvement in performance.

a
REeMeve avD
REPLACE WITH

COMPONENT
SIDE

Special Report:

AMSTRAD BUYS SINCLAIR,

On Tuesday, April 86th, the news was
out...Sir Clive Sinclair had sold his home
computer technology and company name to a
one-time rival, Amstrad Consumer Electronics
PLC. The transaction has been called the
"end of an era in British Computers".

While the sale was unexpected, close
observers of the U.K. computer market were
not completely suprised. Sinclair had been
operating in the red for over a year, and
just recently rescheduled its overdue debt.
Major creditors included Barclays Bank and
the Timex Corporation. Sir Clive, in recent

interviews had expressed dissatisfaction in
the marketing end of the computer business.
"I always said I was an inventor," he said.
"Once a product is developed, I want to get
out."

TIME DESIGNS had been investigating an
unusual situation that was occuring at the
Boston office of Sinclair Research, when the
sale was announced to the press. No one _ had
been anwering the telephone...and a rumor
had it that the office had moved to New
Hampshire. A call to the Boston telephone
company confirmed that their phone lines had
been disconnected.

It is evident, that Amstrad, who has
been having a successful year in the con-
sumer electronics market, wanted an entire
corner on the home computer market. The
prime justification for the the $7.3 million
acquisition of Sinclair. Alan Sugar, chair-
man of Amstrad commented that the Sinclair
line of computers, less-expensive models
mainly designed for home use, would comple-
ment Amstrad's line of business’ oriented
computers and word processors (which are
less entertainment oriented).

The Sinclair deal includes the use of
the Sinclair brand name and the world-wide
rights to sell and make Sinclair computer
products. These include the current Spectrum
models, and some other computers that were
scheduled for future release. At press time,
the Sinclair QL was still up in the air. It
has been widely published, Alan Sugar's dis-
pleasure of the QOL. An Amstrad spokesperson
told Time Designs that "the QL was never the
success that Sir Clive had intended...our
marketing department is taking a long, hard
look at the QL...before any decision will be
reached". It should be pointed out that
Amstrad's own small business-type computer,
the 128K PC, caters to the same market as
the QL. A recent American deal with sears,
will give the Amstrad models a big boost in
sales.

(eee = a 5 ee EE ee ee

| oe | et || N S Ouwor

Sir Clive, and

has retained the rights
interests to the Microdrive wafer technology
and the C-5 experimental vehicle, among some

other technologies. The flat-screen pocket
TV marketing and manufacturing rights were
given to Timex to pay-off an outstanding
debt. When all of the transactions are
complete, Sinclair Research "won't owe any
money and will have some assets," Sir Clive
has stated.

A new company is being formed by sir

Clive, which will do research for other
companies on a contract basis. Most of Sin-
clair's key engineers and researchers will

go with Sir Clive. One project that had been
previously hinted at before the sale to
Amstrad, was an inexpensive portable tele-
phone using cellular phone technology. Also,
it is known that Sir Clive has privately ex-
pressed interest in developing his very own
revolutionary computer system...considering
that his other computers had gone in other
directions than intended. Haven't we heard
this one before?

As for Amstrad, they will continue to
sell Spectrums (Plus and 128K models) until
existing contracts with suppliers have ex-
pired...then will shift manufacturing to
their own factories. When Time Designs asked
Amstrad recently, if they intended to bring
the Spectrum to the U.S., a spokesperson
replied, "Not at this time, but Amstrad has
always had a policy of...if a market exists,
we'll be there." It was then immediately
pointed out that 100,000 or more Spectrum's
were already in use in America...in the form
of the Timex/Sinclair 2068.

The British Sinclair market appears to
be un-daunted for the time being. There are
stock-piles of computers and related s/w and
h/w in warehouses. Enough to keep the market
going for some time. After that, it's up to
Amstrad, or perhaps Sir Clive (?).

“As a last note, the much discussed
Sinclair C-5 electric three-wheel vehicle
(sold for a short time in the U.S.), will
briefly appear on American Network TV. The
popular Late Nite With David Letterman Show
on NBC will feature the high-tech "tricycle"
in a futuristic comedy spoof called "The
Regulator Guy". Actor/comedian Chris Elliott
will drive the C-5 around the _ stage.

=e we a SE ee Se SS

QL GETS A* SUPPORT

The American version of the Sinclair QL
has been rescued. A Keene, New Hampshire
firm, A+ COMPUTER RESPONSE, has purchased
the entire U.S. inventory of QL's and will
be distributing the computers to a network
of 12 established T/S dealers. A+ Computer
Response is a PC and small systems. sales,
service and consulting company in the New
England area. Close ties with Nigel Searle
(former marketing director of Sinclair),
brought the U.S. QOL market to the attention
of A+ managers, George and Carol Whitham,
which eventually led to the Sinclair deal.

A+ Computer Response has announced to
their OL dealers that there are adequate a |
supplys of computers and peripheral support Carol Whitham, General Manager of A+ Computer Response |
to last several years. They will also pursue of Keene, N.H., shakes hands with Terry Shurwood of
the possibility of securing additional OL Sinclair Research Ltd., Cambridge, England after their

: agreement was finalized for The purchase of the entire
stock in the future. inventory of American QL's.

MID-WEST TS COMPUTERFEST

Reported by Tim Woods

The Mid-West TS Computerfest held in
Cincinnati, Ohio on May 3rd and 4th was a
great success, and enjoyed by all those who
attended. It was the largest assemblage of
Sinclair dealers, services and nationally-
known personalities ever. One individual
commented that he had attended the Boston TS
Celebration in 1983, and preferred the Mid-
West show, as it was geared more to the user
and after-market dealer (since the Timex
Corporation had dominated the Boston event).

The large Ramada Inn at I-75 and Sharon
Rd. was the location of the TS Computerfest.
Over twenty exhibitors were featured in the
main convention room. Another smaller room
was used for special guest speakers and
displays. The official Hospitality Suite was

open on Saturday for informal gatherings. Ray Payne and Joe Ayello of Knighted Computers were
Good conversation, advice and computing tips very successful at The Computerfest, selling more new
abounded. computers (QL's) than any other dealer present. Also

There seemed to be a little something pis Re lg pig new software for the 2068 will be

for everyone. The TS Connection had a table
with surplus 2068 and ZX81 spare parts...for
those who like to dabble with the soldering
iron. The Zebra Systems booth was always
crowded, since they had brought a van-load
of TS computer merchandise (many items at
great prices). There was a booth that had a
home-brew banked-memory board for the 2068,
with a reported 12 meg. bytes. A QL mouse
was demonstrated at the Russell Electronics
exhibit. Dave Maccarone of Damco Enterprises
featured his excellent new Spectrum Rainbow
Interface and the Wafadrive system. Some of
the users groups were supplying free "public
domain" software for the price of a cassette
tape.

. There was so much more at the Mid-West
TS Computerfest...more than we have _ space
for. I would like to thank the Computerfest
committee for the fine job of sponsoring the

ie

, : Jerr Champk | f of AERCO ave an Informal demonstration
event. I understand that another show is on oh disk trouble-shooting, shown here at the
already being planned for next year. I can TS Computer fest Hospitality Suite. AERCO also demoed

hardly wait! ; their new CP/M system for the 2068.

qa we

reat 2

Host Gary Solomon of Brice Road Pharmacy (a OL dealer) A correspondent for the Wall Street Journal meets Mark
introduces George and Carol Whitham of A+ Computer Fendrick, a correspondent for the U.K. magazine, ZX
Response, who donated a complete QL package (computer, Computing Monthly. The Wall Street Journal will run

monitor and printer) for a door prize...a $900 value. an article about the Computer fest.

An attendee browses at the Time Designs booth. The new The gang from Zebra Systems, Inc. (left to right: pro-
2068 Technical Manual (published exclusively by Time grammer Jeff Street, general manager Stewart Newfeld,
Designs) was premiered at the Computerfest, and re- and Stewart's brother Bil! filled in for the weekend)
ceived quite a bit of attention. sport their large and diversified product line.

% Ls =

These three smiling gents are members of The Greater
Cleveland Sinclair Users Group. Several other groups

from Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Indiana also had
displays.

Tom Woods demonstrates one of his new experimenter
boards to a customer at the Syncware News booth. Tom

also gave a talk on filing-type programs during one of
Sundays small group sessions.

Product/ Dealer News

E. Arthur Brown Co., 3404 Pawnee Dr.,
Alexandria, MN 56308, (612) 762-8847; has
secured the publishing rights to HACKER'S

HANDBOOK in the U.S. This best-selling book
from Great Britain is a resource and tech-
nical reference guide to telecomputing. Only
$12.95 plus $1.95 S&H.

New Larken Disk Drive Interface Board
for ZX-81/TS 1000/1500. Controller board is

Similar to Larken 2068 Disk I/F, but has
a custom DOS for the ZX-81, and is reported
to be user friendly. Board requires double-

sided 5.25" drive. Price: $95.00 (U.S.) for
single drive board, or $99.00 for 2 drive
capacity. $4.00 for drive cable (all other

cables are supplied); plus $5.00 S&H. Larken
Electronics, RR#2 Navan Ontario, Canada,
K4B-1H9.

Zebra Systems, Inc., 78-06 Jamaica Ave,
Woodhaven, NY 11421 (718) 296-2385; intro-
duced two new programs for the 2068 at _ the
Mid-West TS Computerfest..."The Banner De-
signer" and "The Sign Designer". Combined
with the previously available Greeting Card
Designer program, there are three members of
to Zebra's Graphics Design Series. With a
full-size dot matrix printer and a 2068, it
is possible to design and create custom 84"x
11" signs, banners and greeting cards. The
programs are priced at $19.95 each (plus $3
for total order S&H). Zebra Systems also in-
formed TIME DESIGNS that they are extending

the sale and special pricing featured in
their yellow Anniversary Sale flyer, until
the end of June.

Weymil Corporation, Box 5904, Belling-
ham, Washington 98227; has a comprehensive
high-resolution graphics software package
for the Timex Sinclair 1000, called THRUST.
Thrust features both on-screen hi-res and
2040 printer hi-res graphics. The package
includes both "Sincartist 1.3" and "Sinc-

artist HR" on one cassette tape for $20 ppd.
The Thrust package comes with complete doc-
umentation, and is compatible with Paul
Hunter's memory board.

New address, and new Sinclair catalog
available from: Variety Sales, 325 W. Jersey
St. #2D, Elizabeth, NJ 07027 (201) 289-5699,

Free Sinclair QL software and hardware
catalog (very nicely illustrated) available
upon request. Write to: EMC (English Micro

| South Eastern Michigan Computer Organization
(SEMCO )

P.O. Box 02426
Detroit, MI 48202
Contact:

| Amarillo,

| c/o David Baulch

| Hampton Roads T/S Users Group
c/o David Alford

Users Group Update

Has your Timex Sinclair (or Sinclair Timex) Users Group
been mentioned in a past [ssue of TIME DESIGNS? We have
brought together both interested users and active users
roups. Send information about your group to: TDM,
9722 Hult Rd., Colton, OR 9/017.

Liam Neary

Chicago Area Timex Sinclair Users Group
(CATSUG)

| c/o Gary Lessenberry

1885A Yorktown Ave.
Great Lakes, IL 60088
(312) 473-9415

or contact:

Mark Biery

| 741 Dunbar

Beecher, IL 60401
(312) 946-6892

Amarillo Timex Sinclair Users Group
c/o Joe Jenkins

| 3100 Mockingbird
TX 79109

T/SUG of Fort Worth, TX

4424 Geddes Ave.
Fort Worth, TX 76107

112 Kohler Cres.
Newport News, VA 23606
Indiana Sinclair
c/o Frank Davis

Timex User Group

| 513 East Main St.

Peru, IN 46970
(317) 473-4885

Greater Cleveland Sinclair Users' Group
c/o J. G. Dupay (newsletter editor)
| 6514 Bradley Ave.
OH 44129

(dn)
Parma,

Misc.

Connection), 15 Kilburn Ct., Newport, RI
02840, (401) 849-3805.
Everett Talavera of the G.U.T.S. DE

MEXICO (TS Users Group in Mexico City) sends
the report that Timex of Portugal is coming
to the Mexican personal computer market.
Timex representatives met with group members
and discussed the computer models that will
be introduced...the Timex 1500 computer (has
a black case), the Timex 2048 (basically a
Spectrum in 2068 clothes, with Kempston joy-
stick I/F built-in, and no cartridge port),
the Timex 2080 dot matrix printer, and _ the

10

with C/PM.
"If things work out...

Portuguese 3" Disk Drive System
Talavera states that,

they plan to bring the Timex 2068 and the
[Sinclair] QL." He also added, "They [Timex/
Portugal] told us that the first shipment

was for 10,000 units." Mr. Talavera welcomes
any correspondence from other Timex Sinclair
users and users groups. Write to: G.U.T.S5S.
DE Mexico, Tlaloc #21, Col. Tlaxpana,
11370, Mexico, D.F.

Conk |

The Super—aQL.
USING THE SINCLAIR QL WITH GYOK RaM

by Mike de Sosa

Used with additional memory, particularly a 512K RAM
card, the Sinclair QL is transformed, as are its bundled

software programs. Even though the JSU ROM and Psion goa
software supplied with the North American version of the
QL do not take the fullest advantage of additional RAM,
use of the bundled software is profoundly improved,
especially if RAMdisk software is employed. Both the
memory card and various RAMdisk software systems are

available for a combined price of about $150.

The following tests were made using a standard North
American version of the QL equipped with a PCML 512K
Memory Expansion card. Three versions of RAMdisk software
were tested, each with distinct advantages and dis-
advantages: Eidersoft's I.C.E. ROM cartridge used with
CHOice RAMdisk/multitasking software on Microdrive cart-
ridge; QUJUMP's (Tony Tebby's) PCML Toolkit version 0.07
complete on ROM Cartridge; and Qflash's RAMdisk Driver
.5:

The PCML RAMpack works excellently and would seem to
have only two drawbacks: it is extremely difficult to in-
Stall on the North American version of the QL whose
peripheral expansion slot seems to have obstructions that
the European version does not, and it takes considerably
longer for the copyright screen to appear after "“power-
on" or resetting the OL.

I.C.E., for Icon Controlled Environment, is a ROM-

cartridge program that is supposed to make operation of
the Sinclair QL “simple and convenient", replacing the
"mysterious commands" of the QL operating system or QDOS

with an elaborate “point and click" sequence. The I.C.E./
CHOice combination attains full efficiency only when used
with extra memory and an Ejidersoft "mouse" (hand con-
troller) which plugs into the ROM Cartridge port. The
latter is a new addition to the EFidersoft family, and its
design necessitates that previous I.C.E. Owners return
their ROM cartridge for credit towards an I.C.E. system-
cum-mouse. The Eidersoft rodent (not available for test-
ing) is a three button model, similar to that for the
Atari ST.

The CHOice s/w is sold separately on
CHOice, which included a bonus Archive name
database and a mailmerge system, may be used as a RAMdisk
driver without I.C.£. but requires the latter--insofar as
I could determine--for its currently unique multitasking
system. This system permits suspending operation on one
Psion software program, switching rapidly to another
operating Psion software program (or to the I.C.E.
facility), and returning to the original program at the
exact point you left it, with any and a1] loaded files
intact--a very valuable feature, indeed, but one that
would be even more useful, if it required less (un-
documented rigamarole to set it up and if it were some-
what more flexible in use.

Microdrive.
and address

——<————

Programs like I1.C.E. that override a

computer 's
basic operating system are sometimes referred to as
“front end" programs. The I1.C.E. screen display format
always comes on at “boot-up", regardless of the program
cartridge used. This means that you can't set the com-
puter clock or boot a program directly with the 1.C.E.
cartridge in place. (An option should be given the user--

by keying F3 or F4, perhaps--to bypass I1.C.—., which
slows entry into programs. )
The 1.C.E./CHOice documentation contains four or

five egregious errors and omissions which add unnecessary
hurdles to the process of learning and familiarizing

one's self with an already complex and daunting system.
Following is an abbreviated checklist for using I.C.E.
“without tears". (Eidersoft technical writers could, no

doubt, improve upon this checklist, but they should have
done a lot better in the first place; the nearly uni-
versal problem of poor documentation continues to plague
the computer industry at all levels.)

1. With power to the QL disconnected,
the I1.C.— ROM-cartridge into the
QL.

é. Power up, and familiarize yourself with the
1.C.E. as described in the I.C.£. User's Manual,
after the TUM,

3. Insert the CHOice Microdrive cartridge in Microdrive 1]
and a blank formatted cartridge in Microdrive 2. (Format-
ting a cartridge with I.C.E. is discussed on Pages 8-9 of

insert
of the

carefully
cartridge port

use of
here-

the IUM).

4. Put the small arrow in the MDV 1. icon (picture) and
"click" the spacebar twice to bring up the CHOice direc-
tory. (The IUM uses the word “directory” as a verb to

describe this process. )
5. Put the arrow in the BACKUP area of the function strip

and click once to prepare ai full backup copy of the
CHOice cartridge. (This is your backup of the CHOice
master cartridge which contains 31 files and uses 170

sectors; this is not your working copy of CHOice.)

6. Remove the CHOice master cartridge from Microdrive 1,
store it with the crown jewels, and insert the backup
master cartridge just prepared in Microdrive 1. Insert
another blank formatted cartridge in Microdrive 2. Bring
up the CHOice directory again, Put the arrow in the
CLONE BAS icon, and click twice. (This copies 17 files
from the backup master CHOice cartridge onto the RAMdisk/
multitasking working copy of CHOice, which you should
further configure and add to meet your needs. )

7. Remove the backup master CHOice cartridge from Micro-
drive 1 and insert your working copy of CHOice. (To
instal] RAMdisk software, bring up the CHOice directory
on MDV 1, put the arrow in the BOOT icon, and click
twice; when the CHOice menu appears, click once.)

8. To establish “multitasking” suites--using Psion
ware or other programs--repeat the above procedure; when
the CHOice menu appears, position the highlight bar on
INSTALL TASKS, click once, and follow screen instructions
as explained in the IUM.

NOTE: To use RAMdisk with multitasking, the following
steps must be followed in strict sequence. First, having
previously installed and saved a multitasking suite of
one or more Psion software programs and 1.C.E., and
having reset the QL, (1) execute the BOOT program and
follow instructions on "Install Ram Disk", (2) execute a

soft-

multitasking suite [a "T" file] and follow screen in-
structions. Third, return to I.C.E. and format and load
your RAMdisks. (Multitasked programs should not be in-

cluded on RAMdisks used with multitasking suites; PRINTER

DAT and HOB files are the only essential Psion software
Subprograms.) Programs to be multitasked should be con-
figured for use with RAMdisk using the CONFIG BAS program
found on the Abacus Microdrive cartridge.) Finally, click
the QUIT function to return to the Task Controller
(multitasking) menu.

Although all four Psion software programs may be
multitasked simultaneously with I.C.E., only two--or, at
most, three--can be used together practically.

Following are a table listing the number of sectors
required on RAMdisk for various Psion software programs
and sub-programs, and a proposed scheme for using task
suites composed of (1) QL Quill--Word Processor and QL
Archive--Database and (2) QL Abacus--Spreadsheet and QL
Easel--Business Graphics. (If task suites are not to be
used, format RAMdisks for the higher value and copy
essential elements of the Psion software programs on RAM-
disk.)

Quill CWP):

52330 bytes, Sek, 104% sectors

printer_dat: 142 bytes, 1/2K, 1 sector

quil hob: 6128 bytes, BK, 16 sectors

FORMAT RAM1_2@S or FORMAT RAM1_1e5

Archive (DB): S2@3168 bytes, Sek, 104% sectors

printer_dat: 76 bytes, 1/cK, 1 sector

arch_hob: 312@3¢ bytes, 31K, Ge sectors

FORMAT RAM2_6S5 or FORMAT RAM2_170

Abacus (SS): 51784 bytes, S1K, 102 sectors

printer_dat: 113 bytes, 1/cexK, 1 sector

aba hob: 20992 bytes, 21K, 2 sectors

config bas: 7995 bytes, 8K, 16 sectors

FORMAT RANS_4S (61) or FORMAT RAMN3_165

Easel (BG): 62684 bytes, 6eK, 1ec4% sectors

gprint_prt: 5e0 bytes, eK, ‘% sectors

easel hob: 17408 bytes, 17K, 34 sectors

FORMAT RAMY _4O or FORMAT RAMY 170

Establish a numbering convention for your Psion
software programs and their respective datafiles so that
you may configure the programs (using CONFIG BAS which is
found on the Abacus [Spreadsheet] Cartridge) accordingly.
If you can spare the cartridges, clone and configure
another set of Psion software programs for use with the
Microdrives when you do not wish to use RAMdisk.

12

If you wish to multitask Quill, Archive, and Abacus
using CHOice, I recommend the following RAMdisk program
and datafile sector lengths:

Quill program 2S/data ©00 sectors;

Archive program 66/date 100 sectors;

Abacus program 47/data 60 sectors.

In this case, I would configure Quill to read system and
HELP information from RAM] and data from RAMS- and
format RAM] 25 and RAMS 200. When installing the tasks,

enter 50 sectors working space. This will leave about 10K
free--a bare minimum for trouble-free operation.

It is more practical to multitask only two Psion
software programs at one time using CHOice. I have in-
stalled Quill and Archive together and Abacus with Easel.

Multitasking only two Psion software programs at a time
permits the use of larger working spaces (100 sectors)
for each program and larger datafile RAMdisks (240 sec-

tors) with more free memory.

The way I.C.E. and CHOice are set up precludes
"automating" such things as the formatting and loading of
RAMdisks which must always be done manually using the
“point and click" system.

Aside from its important virtue--unique at the time
of writing--of permitting rapid switching between Psion
software programs without losing your place, I.C.E. seems
to have little merit. Other systems, employing such
things as redefined keys, an effective screen calculator,
additional SuperBASIC extensions, and one's own defined
far more efficient to me.

A system which permits all of those features 1s the
PCML Toolkit, version 0.07, designed by Tony Tebby,
author of QL Toolkit and the new QL SuperTOOLKIT é.
Available now from CARE Electronics in the U.K. as a ROM
cartridge EPROM or on Microdrive, this utility ROM in-
cludes an efficient RAMdisk driver and 27 SuperBASIC
extensions, including RAM USE (key in or program RAM USE
ram or RAM USE mdv, as desired) and a very rapid Micro-
drive-to-RAMdisk-to-Microdrive copying system (WCOPY).
Additional SuperBASIC extensions provided by the utility
are SPL, JOBS, RJOB, SPJOB, AJOB, STAT, WSTAT, WODIR,
WDEL, WDEL F, VIEW, RENAME, TRUNCATE, CLOCK, DATA USE,
SPL USE, EXTRAS, FLEN, FTYP, FDAT, FOPEN, FOP_IN, FOP_ NEW
FOP | OVER and FOP DIR.

Not directly compatible for simultaneous use with
the original Qjump QL Toolkit, it is easily patched to do
so. (Send 25 cents and a S.A.S.E. for a copy of Qjump's
patch which will permit any version of QL Toolkit to
operate properly with the PCML Toolkit.)

Listing #1 is a boot program for
Archive together on RAMdisk with the
basic program and defined procedures and functions,

and
The
some
listing

using Quill
PCML Toolkit.

of them utility functions, |
are, for the most part, self-documenting. The machine
code programs qdtg, mini_calc, and quill _key are the
clock program listed on page 42 of the ' ‘Concepts" section
of the Sinclair QL User Guide, Q CALC, and KEYDEFINE,

which comprise the

respectively, which are multitasked with the Psion soft-
ware programs. The latter two are products of Psientific
Software.

Listing #1 may be easily modified to suit your needs
and the type of RAMdisk software possessed.

The Qflash RAMdisk Driver 2.5 is a no frills utility
on Microdrive cartridge. It has three distinct ad-
vantages over the other systems: it is by far the
fastest--noticeable when using large files with RAMdisks;
it is the most efficient in that RAMdisks do not have to
be formatted and are flexible in length; and it is the
most flexible, permitting any type of “automatic” system
to be devised. It has two disadvantages, both of which
are to be corrected in later versions: it has no RAM USE
facility and no selective fast copy routine. No RAM | USE
facility 1s a mixed disadvantage in that it permits more
direct access to RAMdisk and Microdrive files. The Oflash
RAMdisk Driver 2.5 is available directly from Qflash,
Post box 10 21 21, D-2000 Hamburg 1, West Germany, tele-
phonephone (Hamburg) 040-6512742 or 040-7650461, $27 ppd.

Use of the Qflash RAMdisk Driver is quite straight-
forward, and its documentation is excellent, factors
which enable the user to employ RAMdisks readily in a
variety of uses.

The use of additional memory and RAMdisks might well
fulfill all of your QL computer needs without resort to
floppy disks. It seems to be working for me.

NEXT TIME: “Games for the Sinclair QL: A Potpourri",
and the results of the First Annual Thomas B. Woods Award
Contest.

Listing 1. PCML RAMdisk Boot Frogram
1 CLEAR: g=0: w=0
2 WINDOW 512,256,0,0: CSIZE 1,1: PAPER 2: IN
K 7: CLS
> AT 7,6: PRINT “LOADING QL QUILL-ARCHIVE"
4 AT 9,2: PRINT " Do you wish to use RAMdisk
? (y/n) "
S IF NOT INKEY$(-1)=="y"; w=1: GO TO 29
6 AT 9,40: PRINT “¥": AT 11,2: PRINT “ Key ”
O° for QUILL only or *B’ for both QUILL and
ARCHIVE"
? IF INKEY$(-1)=="9": g=1: GO TO B
6 AT 0,38: PRINT "“rami_ = ";
9 FORMAT rami_210
10 AT 2,38:PRINT “ramS_ = ";

11 FORMAT ramS_240

l12 IF q=1i: GO TO 17

13 AT 4,56: PRINT “ram2_ = "
14 FORMAT ram2_210

15 AT 6,38: PRINT “ramé_
16 FORMAT ramé_250

17 PAUSE 200: CLS

16 PRINT “ COPY DESIRED MDV1i_

FILES TO FAMI

19 WCOPY mdvi_,raml_

20 CLS: PRINT “ COPY DESIRED MDV2_ FILES TO
RAMS_"™

21 WCOPY mdv2_,ram5_

22 IF qg=i: GO TO 26

re as ee ies

ou pesigns
Sz| 2.
aN 2
26 pore:
3S RENEWAL
ONLY 4
$15 year
SIX ISSUES

wae oe

13

22 CLS: PRINT " Insert ARCHIVE program cartr
idge in Microdrive 1":FRINT “ and ARCHIVE
datafile cartridge in Microdrive 2": PRINT

vs then key and ENTER ’C"": STOF

24 CLS: PRINT " COPY DESIRED MDV1_ FILES TO
RAM2_"

22 WCOPY mdvl_,ram2_

26 CLS: PRINT " COPY DESIRED MDV2_ FILES TO
RAMé_"

2? WCOPY mdv2_.ramé_

29 CLS: AT 5,2: PRINT “ Do you wish to set c
lock? (y/n) F

20 IF INKEYS(-1l)e=e"y": AT 7,0: FPRINT
rm SDATE yyyy,mm,dd,hh,mm,ss": STOP
~1 AT 8,0: PRINT " Key and enter QUILL or
ARCH": PRINT " (I# not using RAMDisk,
PRINT " insure correct cartridge in mdv
1_)": STOP

' Perfo

7000 FEMark PROCEDURES & FUNCTIONS

O02 DEFine FROCedure quill

9007 IF weil: wt="mdvil_“: ELSE

9004 WINDOW #0, 400, 20,3 soe2ilsS

F006 IF wt>l: EXEC wth"mini_calc"

7008 EXEC w$8"quill_key"

7010 EXEC w$h"gdto"

FOl2 EXEC W ws%"QLWP"

9014 OPEN #1,con: OPEN #2, con

7016 END DEFine

9018 DEFine PROCedure arch

7019 IF wel: w$="mdvi_": ELSE : w$="ram2_"

9022 EXEC_W w$%"ARCHIVE"

9023 OPEN #1,con: OFEN #2.con

FO24 END DEFine

90246 DEFine PROCedure SRAM

sore CSIZE 0,1

F030 CLS: AT 6,0: INK 2: PRINT “INSERT QU
ILL DATA CARTRIDGES IN mdvl_ & mdv2_": PAUSE
200; INK 4: CLS

F034 WCOPY ramS_.mdv2_

F026 CLS: WDIR: PAUSE 7300

F036 CLS: AT 6.0: PRINT “CHECK QUILL DATA

CARTRIDGE IN MDVi_ OR KEY *Q’*": FAUSE Zoo

7040 WCOFY mdvS_.,mdvi_

9042 WDIF mdvi _

7044 END DEFine

9046 DEFine PROCedure reb

9048 RAM_USE ram

9050 INK 2: CLS: PRINT "Key and ENTER QUIL

Lor ARCH"

7052 END DEFine

70354 DEFine PROCedure SRAM Z

7056 CSIZE 0,1

7058 CLS: AT 6,0: INK 2: PRINT “INSERT AR
CHIVE DATA CARTRIDGES IN MDV1_ & MDV2_": PAU
SE 300: INK 4: CLS

7060 RAM_USE ram

F062 WCOFY ramé_.mdv2_

F064 CLS: WDIR: PAUSE 300

F046 CLS: AT 6,0: PRINT “CHECK DATA CARTRI
DGE IN MDV1_ OR KEY *Q’*"

9068 WCOPY ramé_,mdv1_

7O70 CLS: WDIR mdwi1_

97072 END DEFine

9074 DEFine PROCedure C

Fo76 CONT INUE

9078 END DEFine

wS="rami_

SAVE $3.00 Off Newstand Price. Send Coupon (or a copy)
with Check or Money Order for $15 (U.S. Funds Only) to
address posted below. We will start your subscription right
away upon receipt of your order.

TME DESIGNS MAGAJINE COMPANY
29722 Hull cl. «Colton, Oregon 97017
Name.

Address.
City / State

Editor's Note: "Quick Look" is a new software review
|column for the QL. The concept and graphics were de-

Signed by TIME DESIGNS regular, Paul Bingham. The

"scorecard" rating system will be used, and may bef
adopted for the T/S 2068 and 1000 reviews as well.

QSPELL

A REVIEW
by Paul Bingham

The very reason this dedicated 208 owner bought a QL
was because there was a spelling checker program avail-
able for it--something I had been waiting in vain to see
for the 2068. Spelling has always been a real problem,
solved up until now with two spelling texts, four dic-
tionaries, or using the PC and hard disk at work, with an
80,000 word proof reader program. Now it would not be
fair to compare QSPELL with a program for hard disk, so I
won't. After all, the QSPELL dictionary fits withing 70K.

QSPELL loads its thirteen sections (some of which
are in BASIC) in just under on and a half minutes. The
program is very professional, making good use of color
and windows. All the menus are icon-driven, point-and-
press easy. A mouse would work great! The instruction
booklet appears to have been done on someone's type-
writer. This is perfectly acceptable of course, except
that the instructions are a little ambiguous in places
including (believe it or not[!]) at least on spelling
mistake. The help screens are almost verbatim what i5
written in the booklet.

The program itself has many procedures. One makes a
QSPELL version of Quill with which is is compatible.
Another allows access to the 25,000 word dictionary to
add to it, delete from it, even erase it entirely and
Start over. For puzzle buffs, QSPELL allows a word to be
entered with question marks in place of one or many
letters. QSPELL then quickly lists the word or words that
fit the bill. Its almost like cheating for crosswords,
but it can effectively be used to teach proper spelling.
By entering a prefix followed by "*" the program almost
instantaneously produces a list of al] the words be-
ginning as such, QSPELL will also list all words possible
from another word's letters or solve anagrams.

But the real reason to buy a spelling checker is to
check spelling. After taking the limits of 70K into
account, I assumed they had put mostly small words in the
list to reach 25,000. So I dug out my spelling texts and
went to work. One book has a list of over 500 of the most
commonly misspelled words from studying some 11,000
business memos. I ran this list through and 812 were in
QSPELL. I then ran through a list of “demons” (hard-to-
spell words many of which no one uses) like crevasse,
khaki, and larynx. Suprisingly 422 of these were there,
too. With QSPELL’s Auto-Learn feature, such a list can be
easily added to the dictionary and saved.

Proofreading takes about 20 seconds per full page
and will highlight on the scree or on a printout (in BOLD
type) words QSPELL does not recognize. Puzzle mode can
then be accessed to help find the correct spelling or you
can resort to your old Webster's on the shelf.

Overall], QSPELL is a marvel. It is sophisticated,
professional, and very fast. Like Quill, QSPELL would
benefit from some memory expansion. QSPELL at under $30
is a must. Be sure to get the version for the U.S.--the
British version DOES NOT work with our Quill (or QLWP as
it is called).

14

WORDS NOT FOUND IN BSPELL AS TESTED:

ee
Se SS SSS Se BE BE EE EEE BESELED=S

COMMON ERRORS: alluded annulled alueni affidavit agoravate
aluginua analyze appropriation assessable bituairous
bookkeeping borrower brokerage canceled capitalization
cartage collatera! comecdity comaunity concession
considerable consionee contesplatinc co veyance cooperate
corroborate defray disbursements discernible distributor
eabarrass endeavor foreclosure fundamental hoarse
lapracticable inasmuch insolvency iteeized aanila eeaorandua
percantile middleman aisrepresent isstate aicspelled
@cistener eucilage notary notwithstanding obdstacle
ordinance overdraw pavilion peculiarities: pecuniary
pereissible perpendicular perusal ohotostat plaintiff
Piausible precedence proginence promissory orospectus
readjusteent rebate reconstruction regardless reiaburse
relations reaedied resittance representative requisition
respectfully respectively ridiculous salutation solvent
speculate sublet subsidize suggestion supertlwous
susceptible syndicate systematize tangible tariff tickier
transient treasurer triplicate tvoographical

DEMONS: aberration aqueous arctic bacillus bassinet bestial
bouillon calvy cancellation canvass caul cellar chancre
clayey cole slaw colicky complaisance contractible
cornucopia corollary corroborate councilor counsellor covey
distensble dyspeptic ebullient ecstasy epheseral eskiaos
excel expansible fluorescent fulsome garlicky genealogy
harakiri hemorrhage hoeing inoculate istheus kilos labeled
BNeMONics picnicking perfectible phlega rarefy receivable
referrer sacrilegious sarsaparilla sesede shellacked
supersede treadle wendible wriest

User Friendliness
Documentation
Flexibility
Compatability
Lives up to Claims
Use of QL Abilities

3 Blank Cartridges Required
© Blank Cartridges Included
We Runs on U.S. T.V. mode

CONTSENTRATION
A 2-Player Memory Game For The T/S 1000

rfrrrestestssee
Saeaerrteatsa napa
Sa 2822352828

Sansseetee
BES Ea BPS ae

by Fred Nachbaur

"CONTSENTRATION" is a TS1000 adaptation
of the famous card memory game. Two players
alternate turning over "cards", looking for

cards that have been moved because they are
put back slightly askew; this program simu-
lates this by showing turned cards as in-

a match. When a match is found, the cards verse "+" instead of inverse "0". At the end
are removed and placed in the appropriate of the game, the winner is indicated.
Player's "pile". Finding a match entitles Believe it or not, this program runs in

the player to another turn. The player with
the most cards in his pile after all cards
have been removed, wins.

The "cards" are actually the letters of

a 2K TS1000. However, to save space, some of
the variables are defined manually. Enter
the program lines, then enter the following
immediate commands:

the alphabet. There are two of each letter, LET o=@

for a total of 52 cards. It is therefore LET P=1
exactly like playing the game with a _ stan- LET Q=2
dard deck of cards, where you match red or LET R=4
black pairs. When you start the program, you LET S=13
are prompted to enter the players' names LET L=21
(maximum 8 characters). The program then LET M=3
"shuffles" the deck, and lays out the cards DIM BS¢4,13)
in a 4x13 matrix. The players' names are DIM NS(2,68)

shown below, and a ">" cursor marks whose Start the program with GOTO 100, or GOTO 50

turn it is. To turn over a card, enter the to SAVE to tape. Do not use RUN or CLEAR!
row (1-4) followed by the column (A-M). For If you have 16K or more, add line 1
instance, the card in the top left corner is GOTO 100, and put the immediate commands
1A. If you enter an invalid input, it is re- into line numbers 100-109. If this is done,
jected and the input prompt reappears. If it is OK to use RUN to start the program.

the spot is empty, the program rubs it in
and re-prompts.

Ater turning over the second
you have a match the cards are removed and
placed next to your name. If no match, you
have a few seconds to memorize what is there
before the cards are turned over again. When

In the listing, lower-case letters rep-
resent inverse video. For example, line 450
is inverse 0's separated by normal spaces.
Line /00: "@" represents inverse "+", Sub-
routine 4 is a “blinkless PAUSE". Like PAUSE
it can be terminated prematurely with a key-
press (as after turning the second card, or

card, if

playing with real cards, you can often tell during an error message). Enjoy the game!
346 LET As=" " |

4 FOR A=0 TO Ler aee CLS 62@ GOTO VAL "526"
~ IF INKEY$<¢>"" THEN RETURN 418 DIM S<@) 638 IF H(P)=H(G) AND I¢(P)=17(0)
é NEXT 4 42@ SLOW THEN GOTO VAL "520"
7 RETURN F 648 GOSUB L
: 43@ PRINT TAB M;"col";TAB R;"A z
21 PRINT AT G#H(B)+P,Q#1(B)+0; Deel hii Hig Neg Mag ae 65@ NEXT B

cs 440 FOR A=P TO R : 666 PRINT AT L,0;AS
22 RETURN

36 SAVE "CONTSENTRATI On"
126 LET T=0
136 PRINT AT F.R+R;"conTSentrat
ion",,,,"BY F.NACHBAUR",,,
148 GOSUB R
15@ FOR A=P TO O
168 PRINT "NAME-PLAYER °;4;"?"
176 INPUT NS¢A)
186 NEXT A
266 LET As="ABCDEFGH! JKLMNGPGRS
TUMAX 1 Zz *
216 LET At=As+at
2280 FAST
2236 FOR @=F TO 545
246 LET B=INT (RND#S#rk+P)
258 LET C=INT (RND#*S#k+P>
266 LET C#=A8(B>
276 LET AS( Bd=A8(C)
268 LET AS(C)=Cs
276 NEXT A
318 FOR 4&0 TO M
326 LET BS(A+P)=AS(AeS+P TO >
338 NEXT A

456 PRINT AT A#G+P,0;" "“sA;" oOo
©oocococ 0000000 0"

478 NEXT 4

486 PRINT AT S,@;NS¢(P);AT S+M,0
sNS( QO)

476 DIM HCQ@)

266 DIM I¢Q@>

31@ FOR B=P TO @

528 PRINT AT S#M#*#T,O;">":AT S+M
NOT T,0;" ";8T L,O;"*ROW/COL ";6

*= DD

."=
530 INPUT CS

54¢@ IF LEN C#<>@ THEN GOTO VAL
*536"

278 IF C8¢P)<"1" OR COCP)>"4" OC
R C#(Q)¢"A" OR C$(Q)>"M" THEN GO
TO VAL "536"

568 LET H(B)=VAL CS(P)

778 LET 1¢8)=CODE C$(Q)-37

786 LET C#=68(H(B),1¢B)>

776 IF C#<>"* " THEN GOTO VAL "6
36"

666 PRINT AT L,O;"spot empty."

6186 GOSUB R

15 -

676 IF BSCH(P) ,1¢P))=BS¢cH(@) ,1¢
Q@)) THEN GOTO VAL "768"

666 GOSUB R

676 LET T=NOT T

760 LET C#="9"

716 FOR B=P TO @

726 GOSUB L

738 NEXT B

7480 IF S¢P)+S¢(@)=S#@ THEN GOTO
VAL "826"

738 GOTO VAL “4976"

766 LET SCT+P)=S(T+P)+P

776 PRINT AT S#PeMeaT,P+S¢T+P) C
HRS (CODE C#+128)

786 LET C#=" *

776 FOR B=P TO @

7975 LET BS(H(B),1¢B))=" *

6866 NEXT B

6816 GOTO VAL "716"

6820 IF S(P)<>5¢(Q@) THEN PRINT AT

L-@,0; "winner-"* ;NS(P+(5(0)>5¢(P)
»)

856 PRINT AT L,0O;" GOTO 186 TO
START NEW GAME"

TS 1000/1500 PROGRAM CHAINING
Part One

by Earl V. Dunnington

Program Chaining can, in effect, in-
crease your RAM memory many times its actual
size. It is one of the most neglected sub-
jects of programming texts and instruction.
There was an article published in SYNC, Jan/
Feb '84, but it was actually on merging a
program on tape with one in the computer,
not "Chaining" as defined below. Program
Chaining is not just Linking unrelated pro-
grams together. Linking can be as simple as
saving several programs, by name, on one
recording medium with the operator calling
the program he wants with the direct LOAD
"NAME" command. The programs can be _ self-
running or not. In this case the operator is
doing the Linking. Another form of Linking
is to have one program load another. This is
done simply by inserting as a line in the
program, LOAD “PROGRAM NAME". If the program
to be loaded is on a different tape, then a
prompt and a pause should proceed the load
line. For example:

19% PRINT ''CHANGE TAPE, THEN PR
ESS A KEY"

110 PAUSE 32767

120 LOAD "Two"

Another common form of Linking is to have a
Menu program which automatically loads the
chosen self-running program.

To make a program self running, add the
line, SAVE “PROGRAM NAME". Unless it is the
first line in the program, it must be pre-
ceded by a command that will avoid an end-
less loop and followed by a RUN or _ event-
ually if not immediately by a GOTO. For
example:

9897 STOP

9998 SAVE "Two"
99993 GOTO 10

You have to record the
direct command: GOTO 9998

Chaining is a specialized form of pro-
gram Linking. It is a method of Linking
dependent program modules together making
them operate, in effect, like one large pro-
gram, Similar to a GOTO, but using LOAD
"NAME" instead. If an endless tape were used
it might also be considered similar to a
GOSUB and RETURN ina program. A dependent
module is a program that operates using
variables, strings, or text entered into the
computer memory by a previous program. Why
is there a need to Chain? One reason is to
save memory so that more data or text can be
stored. Another is that in some practical
applications, the program simply becomes too
large to fit into the available memory and
the program must be broken into separate
pieces that will work together as one pro-
gran.

program using the

Subscribers who have read my series of
articles "Adventures in the RAM Jungle and

Other Mysteries" Sept/Oct '85
Feb '86, have already been exposed to two
examples of Chained programs with the op-
erator doing the Linking. The first example
consisting of the Flypaper program and Pro-
gram One (Nov/Dec '85). The second example
is the two programs Fig. No.3 and No.4 of
the: Conclusion.

Constant variables present no
as they can be recorded in

through Jan/

problem
each program

module. The variables referred to in this
article are those computed by a previous
module. There are four ways to pass vari-

ables, ect., in Chained programs for the T/S
1000 and 1500. The first is the VARS method,
the second is the System Variables method,
the third is the Safe area method, and the
fourth is the above RAMTOP method. The pass-
age of variables, strings, code, or text
from one module to another using the VARS or
Safe area methods is made possible because
the LOAD, RUN, or GOTO commands do not clean
the memory like NEW. Data stored above RAM-
TOP is safe from all of these commands.
CLEAR and RUN clean the VARS area of DIM
Statements, arrays, variables, and strings.
To protect data stored in the Safe Area,
never use expanding undimensioned strings in
a program. For example, DO NOT use:

409 LET T$="""

e@ FOR N=18900 TO 19000
38 LET T$=T$+CHRS PEEK N
40 NEXT N

In the VARS method, the first module
must be the largest. The area in VARS, where

14" data to be passed is stored in the first

ab

module, must be in the Safe area of the
second module. The area in VARS of the sec-
ond module, where the data is stored, must
be in the Safe area of the next module, ect.
In other words, the top of the Calculator
stack during the program RUN of the succeed-
ing module, must not enter the area occupied
by the data in the VARS area of the pre-
ceding module. (see Fig. No.1). The position
of the area of VARS occupied by the data can
be adjusted by enlarging the program using
REM or DIM statements.

Passing the text in a string from one
module to the next is not difficult. Vari-
ables however, are stored in the program and
VARS area using a special floating point
Sinclair format. Passing a variable in this
format is much more complicated. Any good
text on Assembly language or Machine Code for
T/S computers, covers the Sinclair format
for numerical data and is beyond the _ scope
of this article. It is much easier to pass
variables by converting them to ae string.
For example, type the following into the
computer and RUN it:

10 LET A=12345678912345

20 LET AS=STRG A

30 PRINT A$
The result displayed should be:
1.2345679E+13
If you change line 1% to a negative value
the result displayed should be:
-1.2345679E+13
To convert the string back to a variable
add:
49 LET A=VAL AS
5@ PRINT A
and ENTER: GOTO 4@

Lines 40 and 50 would be in the next module.
As you can see, variables with over thirteen
digits to the left of the decimal point are
converted to the Scientific notation. The
same thing applies to strictly decimal val-
ues with more than four zeros to the right
of the decimal point.

If you want the string to be passed to
be the first data in the VARS area, then use
a DIM statement for the string before any
other assignments are made, including loops.
This reserves the space. Normally the string
to be passed will be the last data in assign
ment and a DIM statement is not required.
The last character of the string will then
be two addresses below E Line if undimen-
Sioned or dimensioned with only one di-
mension, like DIM A$(14). For string arrays
(two or more dimensions), refer to Appendix
of your Owner's Manual.

To illustrate a Chained program using
the VARS method, ENTER: NEW and type in the
following module "ONE"

109 LET A=12345678912
20 DIM x$(990)

30 LET A$=STRS A

49 LOAD "Two"

50 SAVE "ONE"

6@ RUN 1]

PROGRAM CHAINING (VARS METHOD)

__RAMTOP_

if STACKS

FIGURE NO.

Line 10: Assigns a numerical
variable A.

Line 20: Makes a large increase in the size
of the program by reserving space in the
VARS area, raising the address where AS will
be stored into the Safe area of the next
module. This Safe Area was determined for
module "TWO" using the methods described in
the referenced RAM Jungle article.

value to the

Line 30: Converts the variable A, whose
value is to be passed to the next module,
into a string with a length of 11 digits.

Line 40: Automatically loads the next module
and prevents the program from going into an
endless save loop.

Lines 50 and 60: Make module "ONE" self-
running when saved with a GOTO 50 and loaded
with the direct command LOAD "ONE".

Save this program on tape using the
direct command GOTO 50. When the diagonal
load lines are displayed, stop the tape. Do
not rewind the tape as you now have the
correct amount of tape from module "ONE" to
record module "TWO". Use the BREAK key to
return to the programming mode. Find the
address of E Line by entering the direct
command: “i

PRINT PEEK 16494+256*PEEK 16495

The result should be 18312
17544 (2K RAM). The address
character of string AS is this
two.

(16K RAM) or
of the last
value minus

Enter NEW and type in module
follows:

TWO " as

10 DIM A$(11)

20 LET B=1
For 16K RAM

38 FOR N=18399 TO 18310
For 2K RAM

38 FOR N=17532 To 17542
Both RAMs

49 LET A$(B)=CHRS PEEK N
50 LET B=B+1

62 NEXT N

70 LET A=VAL AS
8@ PRINT A

908 STOP

190 SAVE "Two"
110 RUN

Line 10: Reserves space in the VARS area of

program module "TWO" for the 11 digits of
the string.
Line 30: This is the address of the _ string

passed from the VARS area of module
the Safe Area of module "TWO",

"ONE m" to

Line 40: Converts the recovered decimal code
to the character and stores it in its proper
Place in the VARS area of module "TWO".
Line /0: Converts the string to a variable.
The other program lines are self explana-
tory.

save program module "TWO" on the
using the direct command GOTO 100. When
error report C/70 appears on the
stop the recorder. Rewing the _ tape.
NEW. To operate the chained programs, use
the direct command LOAD "ONE". When the.
diagonal load lines are displayed, start the
tape. After module "ONE" loads and ~runs,
diagonal load lines will again be displayed.
After module "TWO" loads and runs the value

tape

the
screen,
Enter

of the variable passed from module "ONE" to
module "TWO" will be displayed.

Beginning 280 Machine_Code

Last discussed Hexidecimal

machine

issue we
(Hex) numbers and I left you with a

code (MC) hex loader. You should have no-
ticed that these are very simple programs.
That's to allow you to enter and debug them

easily, as well as make whatever changes you
desire. Please feel free to change them.
We now need to explore the nature of

MC. Since you are already familiar with
BASIC, I will draw some comparisions. The
first difference is that MC does not use

program line numbers to tell the CPU (re-
member him?) in what order to perform tasks.
MC instructions are executed in the order in
which they occur in memory. Even after a

jump (Goto or Gosub), MC continues to ex-

ecute the instructions sequentially as they

are found at the address jumped to.
secondly, there are about 700 MC in-

structions for the Z80, as opposed to the 70
or so available in Sinclair BASIC. Don't let
this scare you off. All /00 instructions can

be placed in about a dozen catagories and
are, therefore, variations on a theme. We
will confine each lesson to one of these

catagories.

The biggest difference is in how MC
"crashes". Crash is a term used to describe
the condition resulting from an involuntary
exit of the program (i.e., stopping with a
full screen error, undefined variable error,
ect.). When MC crashes there are no error
messages to aid us, due to the fact that we

are not operating within the confines of the
recovery

again.
I recommend you always Save
it «Wii

18

BASIC interpreter. Often, the only
is to pull the power plug and begin
For this reason,

your MC prior to execution. Saving

by Syd Wyncoop

Part Two

not prevent a crash but, it does allow for
easier recovery.

There are two things to remember’ that
will help prevent MC crashes. First, you
cannot use the Break key to stop your MC
routine unless it is reading the keyboard
and accepting a Break instruction. (Not
likely in most cases.) Second, MC will not

stop executing unless it is instructed to do
so. MC will continue executing instructions
(remember all numbers are instructions), as
they are found. The easiest way to solve
both problems is to end your routines with a
"return to basic" instruction.

We need to determine where we will
store our MC, as that is the first prompt in
our MC Loader. MC can be stored almost any-
where, although above RAMTOP is best in the
T/S 2068, as it can save bytes as Code. RAM-
TOP is a system variable which tells the
BASIC operating system how much memory is
available, and more specifically, what is
the last available address in RAM. RAMTOP is
not necessarily the very end of physical
memory, however, for BASIC, it is the top of
usable memory. Also, addresses above RAMTOP
are unaffected by NEW. Therefore, your rou-
tine cannot be earsed.

The T/S 1000 presents’ some
challenges. The best place is still usually
above RAMTOP, however, the 1000 cannot Save
bytes from high memory. We will therefore
store our MC in a REM statement. There are
other ways, but this is the easiest to Save
and execute for now. Later, we will find
that MC can still be most anywhere.

The ease of execution from the
REM statement results from our Knowing
exact address at which the MC starts. Look-
ing in the Sinclair manual's section on
memory storage, reveals how a BASIC program
line is stored:

special

first
the

high low low high

. os a ee ee | i ii cole ok i i eee

' 2bytes !' 2 bytes ! '1 byte!

! ‘ : ! ' , ' .

Line no. Length of Text Enter
Text + 1

The first two bytes are the line number
and note they are in direct opposite order
of the normal storage of two byte numbers.
The next two bytes are stored as the 280
would normally store numbers and represent
the length of the text in the line plus the
Enter (which is used by the Basic Inter-
preter as an "end of line" marker). Next,
follow the Basic text and finally the EOL
marker. This makes the first byte after REM,
the sixth byte in the line and in the pro-
gram area if the line is the first line of
the program. This address is 16514 in the
T/S 1000, since the Basic program area be-
gins at 16509. We will insure that we are
working with the first line as_ follows.
Type:

i REM ENTER, POKE 146510,0 ENTER

We have also insured that our first
cannot be Edited even though it will
Save.

The next thing we need to do is make
space in our REM statement to hold our MC.
Refering to the chart above, the EOL marker
is next after REM. We must never overwrite
the EOL marker as we will cause an awful
nasty crash. Type four lines of spaces after
the REM (you can figure how to edit it) and
Save your MC loader with your line 0O to

line
still

avoid retyping it next time. This is very
wasteful of memory, but will serve us well
for now. Your REM statement need only con-
tain the exact number of bytes you need,
when working within a program.

We now need to know how to execute

(Run) our MC. This is accomplished with the

USR function. The Sinclair user's manual is
a little vague on its use. The proper syntax
ome Command USR xX
Where: Command=most Basic commands
USR=USRF function
XYeaddress to beain executing from
Examples; RAND USR 14514
FRINT USR 16514
LET A=USR 146514

Boy, this is sure good stuff but, "I
ain't written no MC program yet!" Well hang
in there, we will get to the actual instruc-
tions next issue. Right now though, how
about a "sneak preview"?

You may have heard of such terms as op-
codes, mnemonics, assembly and disassembly.
Opcode is short for Operation Code, and is
the Hex numbers we will be entering. They
could just as easily be represented in dec-
imal or binary, however, we have chosen Hex.

Mnemonics are another shorthand which
has been designed especially for us humans.
The CPU understands a long list of numbers

(opcodes), however, I don't. I do understand
mnemonics as they are almost English (I did

say “almost"). Look at the sample disa-
ssembly below to see what I mean.

Assembly is what we will be doing when
we convert our MC programs to Hex. We will

be "assembling" our MC. Assembly Language is
another term for MC, and is usually used to
refer to the Opcodes.

Disassembly is the opposite of assembly
and is usually used to refer toa "listing"
of MC instructions. You will probably want
to disassemble someone elses MC after you
understand what the Opcodes mean. That can
help your understanding of MC, as you will
already know what the program does. You will
be able to see how the task at hand was
accomplished. As in BASIC...there is no
"Single best way" to program in MC. We all
develop our own style (or lack of it).

I will end this lesson with a
disassembly (the one we previously
to). May we soon know what it means.

sample
refered

Address Label Opcodes Mnemonics Comments

16514 start SEOA Ld A,OAh sPut OAH in A register
16516 0610 Ld B,10h sPut 10h in B register
16518 BO Add A,B sAdd OAH & 10h and place
16519 4F Ld C,A sresult in BC register
16520 0600 Ld B,O

16522 done Cc? - Ret sReturn to Basic

WHAT'S COMING UP?

JULY/AUGUST 86

* Nationally-known Sinclair expert/writer, Wes BrzozowskI, joins TDM for
a series of articles on a
series Is called, “Mystery of the Missing 255".

* Excerpts from the book "Highfalutin' Computin'" by Bob Orrfelt, will
premier as a regular feature in TDM. Bob's book covers a
ZX81 and TS1000 topics.

* Two super 2068 graphics programs: UDG's by Paul
SCROLL by 5.D. Lemke

2068 memory bank-switching system. The

varlety of

Bingham, and POLY-

MAGAZINE * All our regular stuff too.

19 = _

I hope no one out there has the same problem I have.
Over the years I have amassed lots of tapes containing
saved programs and data for the T/S 2068. Though my _ in-
tentions have been good, most of these tapes do not have
a complete log of their contents. While writing and de-
bugging programs a tape may have various versions and
ae spread throughout both sides. Enter CASSETTE DIRECT-

Vite

One of the features of a floppy disc system is a
directory containing information about files and programs
on the disc (i.e., name, type and size). Many of us are
quite content to live with tape storage, but that doesn't
mean we must live with all of its disadvantages! The
following program will allow you to play a tape, create a
directory of the data stored on it, make hard-copies to
your printer, or store to tape for future reference. As
written, this program will only run on the T/S 2068,
though it will make directories of Spectrum tapes.

USING CASSETTE DIRECTORY

The program is self-prompting and 992% crash-proof.
Upon loading the program, you will be presented with a
Menu. (see example 1) If you are starting a new direct-
ory, choose option 1. You will be asked to provide the
name of the tape and the side you wish to "read". You
will then be told to play the tape. You may return to the
Menu from almost any point in the program by pressing
[BREAK/CAPS SHIFT]. Do not worry, this will not halt ex-
ecution of the program. As the header information is
read, it will be displayed on the screen. (see example 2)

Option 2, "Printer Switch", will allow you to toggle
on or off output to your T/S 2040 printer. If the printer
Switch is on, all output concerning the directory will be
printed to the printer and the screen. After choosing
Option 2, pressing "P" will turn the printer “on” if it
is “off", or "off" if it is "on". NOTE: During Options 5
and 6, if the printer switch is on, all data from the
directory will be sent to the printer before displaying
it on the screen. There will be a small delay while the
printer prints al) of the directory before any screen
Output appears. You can halt the printer by pressing
[BREAK/CAPS SHIFT], which will return you
Then turn off the printer by using Option 2.

A record of the directory can be saved or loaded to/
from tape by choosing Option 3 or Option 5. You will be
prompted by the program on the particular steps to take.

Option 4 will allow you to continue the directory
from the last entry made. Choose this option if you have
returned to the Menu after starting the directory (Option
1) or have loaded a directory from tape and wish to add
new data. The latter is in case you have added new pro-
grams or data to your tape.

Reviewing the directory, Option 6, will allow you to
display or print the contents of a directory already com-
piled.

ENTERING THE PROGRAM

The listing in Listing 1 contains the BASIC portion
of the program and all of the Machine Code entering
routines. Carefully type in the program. Before executing
the program, make a back-up copy to tape by entering (as
a direct command)--[SAVE "“dir.list"]. As an aid to typing
this program, I have attempted to leave all variables in

to the Menu. |

Kina:
DIRECTORY

by Michael E. Carver

Example i

CASSETTE OIRECTORY

CONTINUE DIRECTORY... .c2-cce8eee® 4
LOAD FROH TAPE. :
REVIEW OITRECTORY...22cee80880es 6

lower case letters, thus commands in upper case should be
Keyword entries. Letters contained within the " “" jin
lines 9000 and 9050 must be in upper case.

After you have made your back-up copy, enter as a
direct command, [GO TO 9000]. The machine code jis com-
piled into memory in three steps (lines 9000-9110). While
the program compiles the code, checks will be made for
possible errors in the lines containing code. If errors
are detected, you will be advised where the error occurs
and prompted to make corrections.

When the machine code is compiled, the program will
delete lines 9000-9988 and proceed to make a working copy
of the program. By following the prompts, a copy of the
BASIC program and the machine code will be saved and
verified. The program will then go directly to the Menu.
You are now ready to make order out of chaos!

FOR THE CURIOUS

The machine code routine first makes a copy of the
“W_Bord" and "R Tape" portions of the EXROM. (see listing
2) This routine selects the EXROM and opens the DOCK bank
port to read the EXROM, 198 bytes are then copied from
the EXROM (starting at OOE5h) to RAM (starting at 80E5h).

Example 2

Directory of Work Tape Side A

BASIC: directory Bytes: 2521
Autostart at 9996

Code: directory Bytes: 222
Loads at 4635252

BASIC: dir_list
No Autostart

Bytes: 46564

Array: test/A
Variable bmi}

Bytes: 364

Array: data 2
Variable 51)

Bytes: 505

Code: title page Bytes: 4912
Loads at 1647364

fooooocco00DDDDoDOooDD 20 coooDOoDDODOoOCoCoOOOOoOO

The EXROM is then disabled and the DOCK port closed. The
routine then copies the code contained at 80£5h to FEESh.
For reasons unknown to the author, attempting to transfer
the EXROM routine directly to FEE5h causes a few bytes to
be copied as NOP's (i.e., 00h). In order to obtain a
working copy, it is necessary to use this convoluted
method.

Line 9040 changes the high byte of al] CALL and JP
addresses in W Borad and R Tape to conform with its new
location.

The final section of code (Line 9050) overwrites the
previous transfer code with a routine to set up the
registers and flags before calling the "“R Tape" routine
to read “header" information from the tape.

When either the T/S 2068 or Spectrum records data or
programs to tape, a small “header” is recorded first.
This header contains information on the program/data
being saved. Byte 1 of this header contains the type (0 =

BASIC program; 1 = number array; 2 = character string
array; and 3 = code or bytes). Bytes 2-11 contain. the
name of the program saved. Bytes 12 and 13 contain the

number of bytes saved. Bytes 14 and 15 contain either the
address at which the data is to place in RAM or the Line
number for an autostart in BASIC programs.

Before calling R Tape, the carry flag must be
Signifying LOAD vs. VERIFY. Register A must be zero

set,

for
header information and FF for program/data. The reg-
ister points to the address in RAM where the data to
be placed and DE contains the number of bytes to be read
from the tape. After data has been read from the tape,
address FFC3h is checked. If the data was from the header
this address will contain a zero. If it doesn't, another
attempt is made,

The BASIC Program

There are a couple of programming tricks in this
program of note. The first is the use of ON ERR...To pre-

1X
is

vent a program from crashing due to operator error or
errors from input (i.e., tape), this little gem is of
great value. It must be used with care. If no method of

breaking out of a program is allowed (i.e., ON ERR RESET)
a bug in the program can cause an error, leaving na
choice but to turn off the computer and reload the pro-
gram. If it is an autostart program, one wil] need to re-
type it from scratch.

The ON ERR command is activated by use, by the
command “ON ERR GO TO x", where x is a line number. If an
error occurs, for which a normal Error Report would be

made by the system, the program will branch off to the
specified line number. One could set up routines to
correct this error (see Line 9990) or one can restart

from another point in the program (i.e., ON ERR GO TO
100 - Menu). The ON ERR routines in Directory watch for
several “errors”. The R_TAPE routine, borrowed from the
ROM, routinely checks the keyboard in case the operator
has pressed BREAK to abort read. If a BREAK is detected,
operation is directed from R TAPE to RST 08, thus print-
ing Error Report Code D (see manual Appendix H, pg. 289).
If the ON ERR has been initialized, operation will be
directed to the specified Line number instead (i.e.,
100).

Other errors could be caused by tape reading errors.
In some cases commercial software may have "false"
headers, These may contain unprintable characters within
the name, Causing an error. The Directory also watches
for tape loading errors while loading or verifying com-
piled directories. In this case, program execution is
directed to Line 9990, informing the user of the problem
and allowing a renewed attempt. This is accomp)1shed

OOOO0OO0O000000000000000

Line

Line

Line

Line

Line

Line

without halting the execution of the program with Error
Report Codes. The ON ERR RESET in Line 120 is needed to
allow an escape hatch. Without it, the user would not be
able to leave the program to correct any programming/
typing errors or make up-dates.

Another programming trick, used by Directory, is the
POKEs in line 70 and 600. At address 23692 (in the System
Variables) is Scr Ct. This address contains the number of
lines which will be automatically scrolled on the screen
before the “scroll?” prompt appears. This number is alway
1 more than the number of lines to be scrolled. If 23692
contains 32, 31 lines will be scrolled before the user is
prompted "scroll?" The PUKE in 70 will allow the program
to continue scrolling the screen as the directory is
being displayed. (Since 255 is the largest number one can

represent in 8 bits, O-1 is like saying 256-1.) The POKE
in 600 restores the scroll] count to 22 lines (1. tull
screen).
DEBUGGING TIPS
Due to the use of the ON ERR command in this pro-

gram, debugging can be quite a problem. If upon making a
choice from the menu you find yourself right back in the
menu, check for an error in lines 120 & 130. If you still

find yourself back in the menu, break program execution
by [BREAK/CAPS SHIFT] and as a direct command enter
(PRINT k$]. If you do not get the results of your last
Menu choice, check subroutine 400.

If the above fails, there is probably an error in
subroutine you are calling from the menu. While in the
Menu, BREAK-out and remove the ON ERR GO TO x, from any

lines in the suspected subroutine. Replace with ON ERR
RESET. This will allow normal error report codes to
appear, giving you the needed debugging clues. Once you
have corrected the problem, re-insert the proper ON ERR
GOTO x's.
BONUS NUMBER ONE

We can use the machine code contained in the Direct-
ory program, with some minor alterations, to LOAD blocks
of data from tape without using the normal LOAD command,
Once you have a de-bugged version of Directory up and
running and have saved a copy to tape, Break execution of
the program and Enter as a direct command, "NEW". This
will remove the BASIC portion of the program, leaving the
machine code intact. Enter Listing 4. To use the program,
enter the desired address you wish the data to be stored
in RAM and how many bytes you want read. Bypass the
header on tape, RUN program and start tape. (see Listing
4a)

BONUS NUMBER Two

I can see the glint in the eyes of the more adven-
turous hackers. One can transfer all of the EXROM to RAM,
allowing a leisured view and disassembledge. Go back to
Listing 1 and enter Lines 9000, 9010, 9100, and 9110.
Insert Listing 5. This program will automatically trans-
fer and save the EXROM to tape. A copy of the EXROM now
Starts at 32768.

PROGRAM NOTES

10 Sets up newly created Directory. See Lines 500 -
310.

15- Calls machine code routine to read header infor-

60 mation from tape. Reads data stored in memor y
into string, according to type of data. Displays
informatin to screen/printer. WOTE LINE 70: CHRS
is forces a line-feed to String. PRINT #3 = LPRINT.

100- Menu

i3o

200- Printer switch routine. NOTE LINE 230: IF print=1

240 and "P" was pressed THEN print=0 or IF print=0O THEN
printel.

SOO- Saves Directory string to tape. NOTE: Since the

360 computer will only save DIM’ed variables c® is DIMbd
to length of b® before saving (see line 3230).

400- Subroutine to read keyboard for input.

420

21 ooooo0D000D000000R000RR

Line 500- Allows input of Directory title. NOTE: CHRS 255 is

310 marker for end of title.

Line 600- Loads a Saved Directory ¢#rom tape.

Line 610- Prints compiled Directory to screen/printer. Lines

Line %000- Compiles machine code into memory. Then deletes

405
670 610-630 searches string for title.

7969 itself before saving and verifying program.

Line 9990 Subroutine to handle "Tape Loading" errors.
Line 9°96 Autostarts and loads machine code ¢rom tape.
Line 9999 Saves and verifies program.

The author will provide a copy of this program on tape for

ie ee shih $4.00 (includes shipping). Please send a check or money
order to: Michael Carver, 1016 NE Tillamook, Portland, OR
RIES ie aie Beers igen sagt ben Seat 97212. Also available are T/S 2068 or T/S 1000 tapes for
= rin o ho compile rectory : f . : p
se bri‘ea 46 herd ee tar Saving to tape PABLO PIXEL-O (see Sept/Oct 1985 Time Designs). Price:
nee eeeeners Cones $4.00 each or $6.00 for both 2068 and 1000 versions.
n® ad Receives name to be saved or loaded by ; . | :
| Contains code = BRIGHT 1 & BRIGHT 0 Please specify program and computer.
ix = Points to RAM containing header data read from tape
ke = Length of b® containing title of directory.
print = Printer switch flag
s 6 Holds possible autostart from header data 660 PRINT #1; "Preecs ""M"" ¢or Mm
t = Holds type @ from header data ENU*
670 GO SUB 400
660 IF k@t>*M" AND k®t>*m" THEN
LISTING 1 GO TO 670
200 ON ERF GO TO 100: CLS : PR 470 GO To 100
INT BRIGHT 1;AT 1,8; °PRINTER 5S 7000 CLEAR 65252: LET a®="F33E01
WITCH* D3F4DBFFCBFFDIFFZ1ESO0OLIESSBOO0IC
1 REM eee Se PERE REE ERP EEE EE 710 FPRINT AT 3,10) "PRINTER “jj; F S400E DBOAFDIFFDIF4FB71E5801 LESFE
Cassette Directory LASH 153 ¢"0ON * AND print); ("OFF O1CSO00EDBOCS*
i966 Michael E. Carver " AND NOT print); FLASH OF AT 20 7010 GO SUB 9100: IF LEN a®<>80
Ce ee ,O! "Press ""P"" to toggle switc OR check¢>47235 THEN PRINT FLA
10 ON ERR GO TO 100: CLS : 6O Hh"; TAB 6; °° "M"* for Menu" SH 11"Error in a® Line 9000 ---
SUB SOO: LET zS=CHRS 19+CHRS 1 220 GO SUB 400 -- Please Correct": STOP
+CHRS 19+CHR® O: CLS : IF print 230 IF k@="p*" OR k@="P" THEN L F020 LET address=4645451: GO SUB ?
THEN PRINT #3; "Directory of * ET print=NOT print: GO TO 210 110; RANDOMIZE USR 65451
ibs TO ki'* 240 GO TO 270-(120 AND (ks="m* 9030 DATA 14,15,7,15,10,47,11,14
i353 CLS : ON EPR GOTO 100: PR OR ke=em")) : RESTORE 9FOIT0: LET data=0: FOR
INT PAPER 2;AT 2,1; "BREAK/CAPS 300 ON ERR GO TO 100: CLS : PR x=1 TO @: READ y: LET data=dat
will return to MENU"? PAPER 1; INT ""*Ready to save Directory: a+y: NEXT x: IF datat>133 THEN
#1; "Start tape, then press any . PRINT FLASH 1j "Error in Line
key.": GO SUB 400: cLS 310 PRINT * "| BRIGHT libs( 9030 ----- Please Correc

20 RANDOMIZE USP 65451: LET ix TO k)§ BRIGHT O;7""to tape. * t": STOP
=65475: LET t=PEEK (ix#l): LET 320 INPUT "Save as? “tne: IF LE 7040 RESTORE 9030: LET address=6
aé=z8( TO 2)+("BASIC* AND NOT N n®>10 THEN LET n@=n®@i TO 10) S266: POKE address,254: FOR x=1
ti¢(*Array" AND (t=1 OF t=2))+ 220 DIM cS(LEN b®): LET c®=b8: TO 6: READ y: LET address=addr
("Code* AND tes)4": "+z8(3 TO D+ PRINT ***Saving ““*“jnej""*": SA ess+y: POKE address,255: NEXT x
ree VE n® DATA csi)

30 FOR n=ix+2 TO ix#1li: LET as 340 PRINT @1;) "Verity (y or ni?" F030 LET a®@="AFS700DDZ1C3FF11150
=eS+CHR® (PEER ni: NEXT nt LET : GO SUB 400 OOBCDFFFEZACIFFYDFEOOCSBCIABFF"
aSzas+" "#278 TO 2)4"Bytes: "+78 230 IF k#="n" OR kS="N" THEN G #060 GO SUE 7100: IF LEN ag@<>46
{3 TO )+* "#+STRS (PEEK (ix4+12)+ oOo TO 100 OR check¢t>2687 THEN PRINT FLA
PSGHPEEK (ix+i12)) 360 INPUT INKEYS: PRINT ** *Veri SH 1; "Error in aS Line 9040 ---

40 LET s=(PEEK (ix4+14)+4+2354#PEE fying ""“"FnBp""""*F""* "Rewind tap -=- Please Correct": STOP
EK Cix¢15)): LET att=aS+CHRS 134° e";Hl; "Start tape, then press a FO70 LET address=65451: GO SUB F

"#¢(z8( TO 2)¢*Loads at"+z8( ny key.": GO SUB 400: INPUT INK 110
3 TO )*#" "4STRS s AND t=e#3)+(z78( EYs: ON ERR GO TO 9890: VERIFY FoB80 GO TO F988
TO 2)+( "Autostart at"+z8(3 TO n®@ DATA c@i): GO TO 100 $100 LET check=#0: FOR x=1 TO LEN
)+" "#4STR® s AND (NOT t AND s<= 400 IF INKEYT®@<>""* THEN GO TO 4 aS: LET check=check+CODE a®tix)
ooo) )) oo : MEXT X: FETURN

50 IF NOT t AND 539999 THEN L 410 IF INKEYTS="" THEN GO TO 41 F110 FOR x=1 TO LEN aS@-1 STEP 2:
ET aS=aS+78( TO 2)4+"No Autostar Oo FPOKE address+INT (tx-Lv2), (CO ‘
t*4+z8(3 TO ) 420 LET kS=INKETS: RETURN DE aSix)-(48 AND CODE aS(x)<S6)

60 IF (t=1 OR t=?) THEN LET a 500 INPUT "Tape name? "jk®: LET -(35 AND CODE aSi«) >64))#146+COD
S=ta~ahezTei TO 2)4+"*Variable*+ze(3 aS=k@: INPUT "Side? "jk®: LET E a@tx+1)-(46 AND CODE at®ixe#+ilj<¢
TO )*" "+#+CHR® (PEEK (ix#15)-(32 aS=aS+" Side "+k: LET bS=a8+CH 36)-(335 AND CODE aSix¢1)>64): WN

AND t#1)-(946 AND t2#2))4(°S" AN F@ 255: LET k=LEN bS-1 EXT x: RETURN
D teZzy¢" 0)" 510 RETURN 968 CLEAR : DELETE 7000,998e

70 POKE 2236972,0: PRINT aS'*: L 600 POKE 23692,223: CLS : ON ERR Fe? GO TO FFo9
ET bS=bS+aS+CHRS I34CHR®S 13: IF GO TO 100: INPUT “Load name? 97°90 ON ERR GOTO 100: CLS : PR

print THEN PRINT @#3;as"" *“—n8:; PRINT "*"*Loading """in@y5* INT FLASH 1;AT 35,61 "Tape Loadi

60 GO TO 70 *""iH1; "Start tape, then press ng Error"; FLASH eo 6; "Pl

100 PAPER 1: INF 7: BORDER I: ¢€C any key.": GO SUB 400: INPUT IN @ase Attempt Again";#1j; "Press a
LS : PRINT AT 2,6; BRIGHT 13 "CA KEY@: IF LEN n@>10 THEN LET n® ny key for Menu": GO SUB 400: G
=} RECTORY" =en@i( TO 10) o TO 100
"S56 Sane HE eer cmente DIRECT 605 ON ERR GO TO FFFO0: LOAD n® F796 CLEAR 65252: LOAD "director
GRY pce even eecceces hd ™** "PRINTER DATA c®i): LET bS=c8 y"CODE 65253: LET print=0: GO T
SWITCH.....-. Pee eee ee ee ce” * * FAY 610 ON ERR GO TO 100: CLS : FO o 100
E TO TAPE sss sete tase e cetera” R j=1 TO LEN bS: IF bS(j)=CHRS 7799 CLS : PRINT "Saving directo
**CONTINUE DIRECTORY... 58582s8 208 255 THEN GO TO 4630 hiding Te tela aS. ao
~.@"*"*LOAD FROM TAPE.........- 620 NEXT j ; Ss “directory ’
sesseesa”** "REVIEW DIRECTORY... 630 LET k#j-1 2: CLS = PRINT “Ready to Verity
seee eee eee es 6" 640 IF print THEN PRINT #3; "Di -- Please FewindTape -- Start

i20 GO SUB 400: ON ERR RESET rectory of “jbS( TO kis** sbB(k+ Tape and Press anyKey*: GO SUB
i30 GO TO 120-(110 AND k@="1")+ z TO ) 400: CLEAF : VERIFY "director,*
(80 AND kS="2")+(160 AND k#=*3" 650 PRINT "Directory of “jbsi T : VERIFY “*directory"CODE : LET
)-(103 AND kS="4"°)+4+(480 AND kS= O kis"*iobe(k+2 TO )

*S")+(49O AND KS="6")

print=0: GO TO 100

OOOOOODODODDOODOODODOOUOON 22 OOOOOOOOUOOOOOOOOOOO000

LISTING 2

ADDRESS OF CODE MNEMONICS NOTES
Listinsa 4
FFAE FS DI
FFAC 3EO1 LD A,01 sels A pa ct Ah i lt
FFAE D3F4 OUT (F4),A5 Activate chunk 0 of DOCK bank ee ee a eee oe
FFBO DBFF IN A, (FF) ei: pian reer Sens See
FFBD CEFF SET 7,A start after re-loading.
FFB4 DIFF OUT (FFI,Ai Select ExROM | a =
FFBS6 Z21E500 LD HL,OOES; Move from address OOES of EXROM ce ee a ee ee
FFB? 116560 LD DE,80E5; Move to address SOES in RAM “> ON ERR RESET = INPUT “Load
FFEC o1cé600 LD BC,O00Cé; Move Cé bytes icount) phe ieee wil
FFEF EDBO LDIF ; Execute move and decrement count aint dpnieade inact ae “yee :
FFCI AF YOR & len: IF eg ce alibi "65253 TH
FFC2 DIFF OUT (FF),A; Select Home ROM ond cee aie gaat See Tae
a Sag oe (FF), AS De-Activate DOCK bank 7 POKE VAL "65451"°,VAL “55°:
FFC? Z1E360 LD HL,S0ES; Move from address 80ES5 eee — re ——s —
FFCA LLESFE LD DE,FEES; Move to addrese FEES — ipeatiag dat a sate on =
FFCD 01¢C600 LD BC,OOC6é; Move Cé bytes (count) i eee aes: ee ee. Cee ee
# ¥ iv « aa Py "
FFDO EDBO LDIR } Execute move and decrement count oe ee eee eee
FFD? ce RET »VAL "201": POKE VAL °65456*,FN
ltadd): POKE VAL "654357",FN ht
add): POKE VAL "65459",FN ltlen
LISTING 2 1: POKE VAL °635460°,FN Aileen)
4 ON ERR GOTO 46: CLEAR (‘add
ADDRESS OP CODE MNEMONICS NOTES “PI/PT): CLS § PRINT “play tape
“; RANDOMIZE USR VAL "45451"
FFAB AF XOR A i A= 0 & Reset flags -Read header = Sy Ene eset : STOP
FFAC 37 Scr } Load not Verity vee. Seerees {5 i608 + re
FFAD 00 NOP i Room for Bonus One “tert SO re 2
FFAE DD21C3FF LD IX,FFC3; Read to address FFC3 * One “seater Suse : Go Tre 1
FFEB2 111500 LD DE,OOIS; Read 15h bytes
FFBS o8 EX AF,AF* § Required by R_Tape 6 SAVE "loader" LINE 7: SAVE
FFB6 CDFFFE CALL FEFF ; “Gosub“ R_Tape + 3 “loader"CODE 65253,222
FFB? Z2ACIFF LD HL, (FFCS)
FFEC 7D LD A,L
FFBD FEOO cP oO ; Was data header? LISTING 5
FFBF ce RET Zz i Return if header data :
FFCO CI3ABFF IP FFAB 5 Try again if not NOTE: To use program Enter <RUN>
LISTING 4a 7015 LET aS(25 TO 246)="00": LET
aS(31 TO 32)=2#"00": LET agit? To
ADDRESS OF CODE MNEMONICS NOTES 40)2"0020": LET a®(S? TO S8)="
ce": LET a@=asi TO 356): LET add
FFAB 37 Scr i Load not Verity ress=465451: GO SUB 9110
FFAC SEFF LD A,FF ' Read Data F070 CLEAR 32767: RANDOMIZE USR
FF AE DDZ1 LD Ix, ; Read to address _ 65451: GO To 9999
FFE2 il LD DE,...... i Fead _ bytes 799 SAVE "“exrom"CODE 327468,68192
FFBS Lala) NOP i Overwrite : PRINT “rewind tape to verify"
FFB6 CDFCFE CALL FEFC : Gosub FR_Tape >: VERIFY “exrom*CODE 32766,81972
FFE? cy RET i Done

boooooooooooooocoouououo0uu0bg02020000gu0g02020000u0u02u02u2uzu00000
All Caps, Please!!! by Earl V. Dunnington

There have been many good programs pub- double IF statements such as:
lished for the 2068 that I would have copied IF a$="Y" OR aS="y" THEN GOTO 10
except for the fact that lower case was To do this you must insert a line into the

used. This combined with reduced repro- program to poke the system variable FLAGS2
duction, illegibility, and only fair eye- as follows:
Sight presents too much of a problem, and I poxr 23658,8

do not think that I am alone in this. The fhis prevents the use of lowe - eS
2068 has a Caps-Lock key, and I use it when gan ys restored by: r case, whic

programming. POKE 23658,0

There is an added benefit to using all , .
3 ? : Rr If you will co the followin rogram,
caps in that you can save memory by avoiding save it es tape, ee it with a Bt to

be listed for publication, run it using GOTO
9910, it will change all lower case char-
9710 LET APPEEK 236Rie2seereEx 203s Setar te Gopen.cases except fog double 17
97920 LET E=PEEK 243627+256*PEEK £3628 added lines before LLISTing your program.
9930 FOR N=A+5 TO E
9940 IF PEEK N=36 OR PEEK N=166 AND PEEK (N+5)=197 THEN LET N=N+13
9950 IF PEEK N=14 THEN LET N=N+6
9960 IF PEEK N=13 THEN LET N=N+5
9970 IF PEEK N>=97 AND PEEK N<=122 THEN POKE N,PEEK N-32
9980 NEXT N

9985 STOP
9990 SAVE "ALL CAPS" LINE 9910 23

Machine Language Program To Read T/S 2068 Tape Headers

by Ed Shaughnessy

The T/S 2068 program presented here

reads the header of a program or code that
is stored on tape, and tells what command
was used to save it. Suppose you have a

BASIC program on tape that was saved for
automatic start. This program will tell you
at what line number the program will begin
execution when it is loaded. Or suppose, you

have a machine language routine on tape.
This program will tell you its length and
what location it was saved from. In each

case, the information is shown by displaying
the complete command that was used when the
SAVE was done.

When the BASIC program shown in the

listing is run for the first time, it

saves
itself and then saves machine language code
it has created. You can then rewind the
tape, and run the program so it will read
the headers of its own two backups. In this
way, the program demonstrates itself.

Let's look at the program. Line 20

calls the subroutine that POKE's the machine
language program into RAM. Line 40 saves the
BASIC program. Notice that it is saved so
that it will automatically start at line 90
when it is loaded. Line 60 saves the machine
language code. Line 110 and 120 will re-
peatedly execute the ML program that finds
and reads header information. At this point,
when you are running the program for the
first time, rewind the tape and press the
play button. Press any key to continue ex-
ecution of the ML program. Soon you will see
the familiar loading pattern on your screen.
Eventually the following will be displayed:
SAVE "HEADER" LINE 90
SAVE "HEADER"CODE 40000,176
Compare these lines with lines 40 and 60 in
the program, the two lines that did the
saves. Press BREAK to terminate or the pro-
gram will continue to search for another
header.

You now have two versions of the pro-
gram on tape; the BASIC program and the ML
program. In the future, the quickest way to
investigate a tape is to load just the ML
program.
LOAD "HEADER" CODE
Since you are not specifying any location or
length, it will be loaded into the location
it was saved from. Execute the machine lang-
uage code.
RANDOMIZE USR 40000
A message will prompt you to start playing
the tape that contains the program you wish
to investigate. Then press any key so the ML
routine will continue execution. The program
will read the tape until it finds the first

header. It will display the command that was
used to do the SAVE and then it will term-

inate. The 17 bytes of the header area will
be in a workspace in RAM, starting at loca-
tion 40200. You may examine this area with
HOT Z or PEEK into it with a BASIC program.

24

Page 237 of the T/S 2068 User's Manual
Shows the different formats of the SAVE
command. Notice on page 238, that the result
SAVE filename CODE 16384, 6912 was actually
accomplished with the command SAVE filename
SCREENS. For a detailed explanation of what
information is contained in the tape header,
see P.H. Skipper's article in Vol.3 No.2
issue of SyncWare News.

As long as your computer is in T/S 2068
mode, you can use this program to read

Spectrum tapes as well as 2068 tapes. If you

have the SOFTAID tape, try that. If you en-
counter strange results, it is due to copy
protection schemes. To search through an en-

tire tape, you may find it more convenient
to load the BASIC program, since it will
continue reading successive headers on a

tape until you press BREAK.

1@ REM THIS TS2SGES PROGRAM TRE
RITES AN ML ROUTINE TO READ TAFE
HERDERS. IT WILL READ A TAPE CoN
TAINING FR PROGRAM GR SODE AND TE
Lit WHICH FORMAT OF THE "SRAUE ce
MMAND tiPaScE 237 KF THE USERS Oo
NURL I URS USED,

2£@ GC SUB 202
30 PRINT "Prepare t0 Save BASSI
C program”

4@ SAVE “HEADES= LINE «&

S@ CLS : PRINT "“Prepere te £2
€ ML code"

60 SAVE “HEADER "CODE 480882 i7s

7@ CLS : PRINT “Rewind thre =c
€ afid Press PLAY. '

e8 GO TO i108

9809 CLS : 6O BUS 202

1@8@ PRINT * (\réeets BRE wRer

Finished: “

14308 FANDOMIZE Usk <e<2028 == _
120 RANDOMIZE Use <8814 POTN

GO Ta i122

2e@O LET tsuUn=@

218 FOR T=4O0O0Q0 TO 48iTe

e220 READ XK: POKE I. le oe Et Z
CSUN4=

2eo@ NEXT I

240 DATA 62,253 .202,.453,.138,17,i2
*,608,285.63

es DATA 7,208,227 .327.2238.255,e
03,2535 ,211,255

26C@ DATA 219,244,530, 185 82,62 .:2
,ea1,ec4¢4,.221

arO- BHA Oa ,8., 257,221,225 2.17.37
,8,4275;55

28@ DATA 205 252.8 221,22 7.42.2
42,585,155 ,8e2

2806 DATA 211,244,218 ,2E55.28:.15
1,212,255 ,62,25¢4

SS DPHTR 2805 .48,.12.221,2223.22=
126,254,¢2,4@€a

310 DATA 14,.254,3,48,.27,17,18ée
62,285,635

320 DATA 7,205 ,iS2.252,201.293=5
163,156 ,126,23@2

338 CATR 392,182.82 .32,215.i7.i
3,121,205 .215

Program Continued Next Page...

"Headers" (continued)

| yf} Hafp- Co

mi |
my Fy ee
Te | Woo

ribs
Wi ost hl
m& by tai |
i ry Ee

+ IP, ie

| “fe ul

uit &

my ct wh a

ie

IW Wi Wi

mcm Oh Wate

| ry ecu) wy

ae na

et WI) ~~“ ih

eR) ee
Met dF St Ss
Wy WI woe
Tl -T&Oo fF
F- Ou k-C- =ck
mre ~t ew L
mm *oohOoeH

| ee | 6...
Ryu 0) a a
-f -hjy.
olf ct 0 eh op LL ed

by Charles Eric Goyette

| nf Ll

if rij iy = my : =
Pee |sgontaane
no a in at

Ce mermmemmrame (*°°**003505
aw en x o “ il reife tt

a | Wi *
in 6t)lU CO
ry Vil a f a HUH
ry ot _ «ff

«f “4 a fi

my Ww WW ww
1 | | a on

eqoeced ised ru cu
cata om inl
Tearear oc rw . i ad

bb EU b> OU

TT Oo -CoM -Oo
<q

OOO -Oomd -
- In i A f[-
QV lfedity -Quy
toni ~wonyh- ote
HAM rt -
A) | ~ 00

iE

e410)
= 5

r£
hi fy wold

a

1 Q
Sa}
me

rare:
ML Cs
“Tih Fe tu

i

iy eee ee

Oni ewac
mor TL

oH = moe FY Oo Ge ra
i Wt 72k mg yt al
es Ij: = iT | i | ft ano
wr §- Clit J > 0 Wd
ft - Ee OGie =a ty
i cha + Oo © 1
Wd -li @--2 > - a
ral oe "Oo FOS : 0 cr
eae | CL il a | i
Hi ig Coogee f i i
= Cy k= Wu at . aT
fia: & f--l @ — 2 Ch
| oe aca} wl ly
i I * foow Fw ia -
i HC xc j| o>} =
sh Died ~~. C ok Wien
\ Ee OT Ji Gh. ..J
Wy MW oy) ee Ht tg
"+t ra -x- ee
1b Wi Th oe ad 2-28 f-
Ww ij H4 - M2 id ff
YO rma @r-ZF - zk lt¢
=. 5 Lo Coin | Fe J ALU Wo
ka} Wilf wl -- -- a= 7 wm oly
J— fokit 4 We Oo Ob
ti li Io = Fa co e- Fa Corae
4 oe es | edi Li th Wa oe i. ia
I iy = 4
fa .2 tomes MWh es
ef T Lo A ee aS
cate ec Ae Food Fad fo ifaro Py ey
= imiotAed OG AWD Adsied
a Pa | }-
Wo cits ty ri mm:
z. ud a) J a)
fc 270 -O G im @ MM ie
i LF a | a : = = Cy.
| moe Oo i
: hi) oun : — ji fF) =<
j oO oo © om mut
ms , m i a ta i)
, ? Tr «A iui
is a Te | “iLairy af ti) F-
~ if 7 © Oo } } at a
* my mh owe icf iwi
= Pa oe | a ti ee a
th a -t aoa mgm
Hh peo me os a
wth Ee & OF OT
Cae —s-1 hh Ul 2 ali
iy an hh if Tt WF
a fa: tj ot Pilea ‘—
I facie et = *y
4 La gy ove 7 i, alt i }
omer mcr tu} iT} me
“C0 00} Ci ru 7 a
hh FOO Ame oe: F MH Hi 6s
sar) | fe I -WlWoo} Mo mi a
iy io 0 eo i. T or
ci Ta - - weld
Ly cares j- «Fie th hh Bee
oo oO. 3 Ty | i
Pe La lid iT}
anf cd a i |

fa fats te fatty

ij? OMe
| ee)

F-
a
u
Li

f-.

=
we %
+ |
nl
Li)
be Woe
wy ag

ac ie
et 2

moh ~
La
- x

= fub-__ |}
shades
lik BE
mane ral
hig came HH
ical i
bh oR

Md we

Fal 6 aaah

Acdt my

a |
ili il
gw
oh jj oh
+
Mo} Seo
=, el
i) 1 ap
a> | ia
iT lil
- (ie
eal
if LL. ti

mr Onc

iT rl
a

i =|

2. Cu) 2 iy

oa Le
wi od
iH)

VD

fe Om om ty
"J

Wt li -ify=
“1 Mabel

+ ae

Mh te th
ge uae Ne ae |

. wu

ra ra
Lit
Li

Fal

4
TW
HH
ita
h-

r

Ny st oye T-
fy Cy a et eh eh

ut
Ff
Li
LL =
Fe Uo
mrd

a! a
roe
, a Ue
a .
ib
/ @- ‘
‘TG ~p
au i

tO}
Aaa hj

i.

Doh oS

of it hf
co 0 Gy ty
(r Pome

~

La

=
ee

iT
00

Wd

Wifge

i.

tb
Ll

mm
=}

~ Ca

uy

oo Wo

“+>
ii

my iT
ay

tie!

| - ‘i | LE
= Lorri
H AR
ei *£
oe Wh
i oO
oy Ld
ey) lo
ee riapae
Li
mi |
ate ls
“it 4
L --
Cy Ci
i) St
lili =
ym
OWL

GO Beyer iA
My Wy Ooi) eo ee el
ye that
ri m

_ tf
tL ;
td

th il
iT

(4 |

+t
wid
= ea.

fo

i

a Te

iW
Co UL. =
cy bl
To
ea. WL. La

ryt

*

0 OL, oe ot

fy
al
li *
Wied:
> oO
iTb- = a}
ese

Fort

a

1 |

thi

ra

=
my t

|

= We
ZH wh Qa a jit “ a

te

jie a OE oe Had i ta
i Ch Wii

ith Vi. Ll

Lh

i mn
Mr tt
es oie

La

Viplicay
edt, <td ei}

ij

Falip lid

L it

city
ef 1 f-0

eal oad

if

fui T

jiu ital
Tew Pace eS th
Ld nt
i tu
i) li
Uh I .
in| we
Li iT
WL.
ne
J }-
-
i wth J
HL2 lu.
4
I
ry i]
Cg 1
“fo i
frm
Ok AZ:
t- Z + ra
CiTt7A qd~ Ca
EW il i" :
ELL Oxe UL. }-
Fim +} oo KH
rio Wh et {
00 4 Ie ie t
) rt ae

Sint ein

eat
+i}

COO OOOO OOOO OOOO OT CCC iC

eueeue 2) sueseueeunueeueeeucuua

eases

@)
=

Ch WOOL)

S222 RUSE 4g ; S@lé BEEP ,O04,F45 |
~seo FRUSE 100: PRINT AT 16,2; 'T Se25 NEXT F —.
ME SUPER CHAMPION Irs “¢: BEEP S@27 PRUSE Se
-2,5. BEEP .2,8: BEEP .3,15: SEE SQ32 Go TO 4ass ?
P 4,42 aed og 6@22 SINT AT UUei, 6-2 @)
SE32 INPUT "TYPE -ENTER’ To BEST BORDER 6: INPUT ” wy
rs j af “ a
SSG0 FETURN S6OOS BORDER 6: Ink 1: LET A=i75 —
sree SVRVER £ ar. J eo Bu ee LEY Bee5sS: FOR Fed TO #5 —
Ps eee 6012 PLOT FF: Dea B,2 DRAL @ e
eee. Lim BSE iLeee , Se —: PRA -B,@ DREW 2, -é
4002 PEEP .3,1@: INPUT “WISTBILT FASA ET 565.5 — =-=_- =>
Ty? (a@-3e) ur te Te ee 6Ge0 LET AsA-2: LET B2eB-2: NE* a.
See iF Vi<s OR VI>B@ THEN GO To S830 SPRINT FLASH POPER 6:AT 1
aaa ec rie a ita ema @.2 OU ARE THE SUPER CHAMNPIO: _
: | ; 6Q35 INPUT “YOUR NAME 7 “: Hg. PF =
a ee INT INK 1; PAPER 6:AT i1.1¢: BRA a
—— ae .e zt me es a
So ceccnnecsaan Saooenr S042 PRUSE 2@2: GO TO 2 =
pat gt ag Seeebeberrce S0@2 OATAR 3,192,31,248,.62,60@.62 =
sce ee besd 252 ,31,248,9,144.16,38,48,42 a
conde Van. wat nen S801 RESTORE Se0e¢. FOR F=a To 7 =
Soe Lee ate ene a S882 FEAD Gob =
(ane Ler tar ee ee SQO2 SORE USR “E+E. G =
Sake 3 3 cee SQO4 SOOKE USF “L“+F =
+e o= af Lig + AEN LET Lez Saas ler = m —s
S429 TS | c= - i 7 =i rae ei i
#04 JF L285 THEN LET iL=e5 SOG@6 PAaTe 682 308 187% see see :6¢:
4045 LET ASIF.L TO L+6) = alae, Se ee ee te O
a= ; == =— = — =). are For F=f TO —
£050 IF Fsi765 THEN LET AS(F,i+3 SQ@S READ GO: POKE USK “G"sF.G- N (=)
ro b+) =" 45 ieee ae age. .
Soo Nes SQi41 CATO 62 . 68.74 452 18 168 «a (a)
4055 CL: SEEP .3,1i¢ 4248 % 5,146 S2 281 192 7. °°" L
s 7 | 4 i T . 4 = =i a = ' = = -
coos Mas < ee. S@i2 FOR Fe@ TO 7: READ O,u iC
ped ou LS B@isS FPOKE USR "P'+F. 6 —
ae ake Se we Ele S823 PORE USR “O° 4F iu
4075 PAPER 7: CLS Sois NET EO =
ren. Geren ore ket ee Ee, oe S@20 CLS - PRINT AT 12.2;" AND N @
2 oVoe fase OU THE SECOND Maze...
$080 PORE 22652,255 S@S2 SETURN =
+102 PRINT RAT 2£1,.2; 4s (Fz =~ ssaa cLS =e PRINT AT 18.1412 -: ose
ied, BeaJ sith ce Pye — os india se rik se: 1
| a oe” an me re : a; UU LOST. iL]
pcan tee 9205. 0UT peteri.8) S5@5 FOR F=i To 10@: NEXT F =
4i@3 LET ZeZ4+1 aes PRINT oT ic 3 ar =. * by i}
4112 SRINT AT uv.B; “EL: NEXT TIME.” SEES wc -5. BEES <a —
lit IF SCREENS (VU4+1,Bi<: " Th -10: BEES .3.,<47 “SA ve oo ‘ |
EN Go To Seaa S082 RETURN ~ aa
at 5 T= SCREEN | 4 F = —— .
Spee 3 BU SB iVV4+i B+ 8908 FOR F=a To 7
TREN sk TO Saea2 “3 Soe esr a —
$i00 IF INKEY$="S"°" THEN LET &=5- 6910 Pore USR “A"4F, a ja
es 4 rae ey ; ita 2915 NET F
#ics iF INKEY$="S" THEN LET B=<B-+ e032 mt F=3 TO 7 ‘ml
- sa $942 READ A,B,C iC)
se0e ee TO 4102 ae sire S950 FPoOKE USE “"B'sF.a ,
Seed if oCREENS (Vel, Gise"+" OF 9955 FPOKE Use “C*4F 6
SUREENS (UU41,541) 2°4" THEN PRIN 9556 POKE USR “DY 4F ic a
¥. FLASH i,AaT. WV41,6-2; “BRAVO! !' S062 NExT F
Sa eeeeee ae ee 9972 RETURN —
eu ‘. we 2 eoos soTa =S5 68 62 63 255 147 47 _—
S@O5 LET NN=NN4+1: PRINT AT 1,28; ' S2e> CATE BSS, 6,68,255,17,4 —
YOU HAVE NOW “;S-NN;" LIVES": FA 8995 DATA 224,0,0,112.¢°2@,120.2,
USE 20: IF NWN=S THEN Go To Sssoaec SSG S55 354 48 64.25 S 4152 4 —
ig = F €,2£55 ,255 ,224,30,63 254 =~ fC ,e —
Seie FOR Fei TO 10. FOS Fei To i 55,7,255,252,38,2 a
2 ag990 nara :
S@1i5 PRINT AT VU,B; “PO” er

1@
aC)
@
(_)
@
a
C
Cy
0
O
Cy
®)
CO)
C)
CI
O
ae

OI OOO OOOO Oo
MOVING AN AROS CARTRIDGE ONTO

YOUR AERCO DISK SYSTEM

413

Als o———__1}\is27\, 8 SPOT SLIDE SWITCH GLUED

te en eee ys gi
, UN TOF
° ' LSS52 WITH PINS 11
‘2, 'S FOLDED BACK
fil REMOVE PINS

ORIGINAL 1 .2,3,4,5,6,
| 89,10
GLUE ON TOP
OF LS27

SOLDER PINS 7.14

L527 WITH FIN 13

FOLDED BACK

ALL OTHER PINS
ONTO HE ADER

AROS MOD.

REMOVE THE LS27 FROM THE SOCKET AT LOCATION 4-5
ON THE FD-68 BOARD AND REPLACE WITH THIS ASSEMBLY

+

Ra 4 .
NF - i4 PIN DIF

SET SWITCH TO CARTRIDGE AND MOVE “NAME.ARDO", ms | 13 + atte ial
SET SWITCH TO NORM AND CAT “NAME.ARO", agen amen = dito Be. SF ie q
é A-5 we " |

ALTERNATIVES: YOU CAN BUY THIS ASSEMBLY FROM AERCO i er. <
FOR 315 OP SEND YOUR CARTRIDGE AND $10 TO AERCOTO EXROMC 4308 ie 41
HAVE IT PUT ON DISK (PRICES INCLUDE RETURN SHIPPING) 6 ae: pP |

ADDING A JOYSTICK FOR THE SPECTRUM/ 2068

by Jack Keene

Having converted your 2068 to Spectrum
mode of operation, you will find that most
British software can be operated success-
fully from the keyboard, but a joystick
might make life a little easier. While the
joystick ports may be successfully accessed
by the appropriate IN commands, this is of
little use for commercial software.

A variety of joystick conventions are
used with the Spectrum, and many programs
offer the choice of several. The cursor key
interface uses the cursor key lines + 0 for
fire. The Sinclair Interface uses 6, 7, 8, 9
and 0. However, the most common interface
encountered is the Kempston style interface
(Kempston is the trademark of Kempston Elec-
tronics).

The Kempston protocol interface is add-
ressed to port 31 and may be accessed from
BASIC via IN 31. The following simple pro-
gram--10 PRINT IN 31;: GO TO 10--will return

-DB9
MALE
CONNECTOR

1N 4146 (3)

1G 7 14 3.12 «bt 316 6s
| 1K | vx | 7

*ov FoRQ# ©3 Ff v1 F vO
tSv 45y +5

the following values for the appropriate
joystick direction:
RIGHT = 1 UP/RIGHT =

LEFT 22 UP/LEFT = 10

DOWN = 4 DOWN/RIGHT = 5

UP = 8 DOWN/LEFT = 6

FIRE ADDS 16 TO ALL VALUES
This type interface may be constructed

with a simple one chip circuit to plug in at
the rear expansion connector, the cartridge
port, or even wired in directly. Due to
Simplistic decoding (A5 and IORQ), this
device will respond to more than port 31.
However, this works well with most other
peripheral devices.

If you are so inclined, the schematic
in Fig.1 illustrates the interface from the

wiring side view with the appropriate con-
nection to the expansion connector labled.
An expansion connector layout for the 2068

is included for your reference.

*
- r
« & §
vaca BERHEEE

Figure 2.

BZ UUBUBBEBEIESESE SESH 2S cesses un-

»
‘ STUBS RPRCRBRTBERBTR SSS RACERS oEwewe sev eww

i ipUngparagapeoagamaressessgecasy

ge

Adapting The TI Keyboard To The 2068 oy sichara ura

I feel that as 2068 users, we have
been supported very well, considering our

fate. But still, I have longed for a pro-
fessional keyboard...I decided to adapt
one myself. I hope these notes will help

anyone else wanting the same.

This project is relatively easy, just
time consuming. For myself, the results
were well worth the time invested.

Please note that there is an in-
creased amount of interference if you are

using a color television. Whenever a key Pte ideas on wiring.

is pressed, it is similar to when PAUSE is
on. This might be compensated by using a

sheilded cable (13 strands...I don't know
of any suppliers for this). I use a_ green
Screen monitor, and do not have this in-

terference problem.

I purchased the Texas Instrument 994A
keyboard from: Arnold Company, 214 Hill
Lane, Red Oak, TX 75154 (214) 576-2291 for
a total of $10.89 C.0.D. It came with two
reprints of articles on adapting the TI
keyboard to the T/S 1000, which had some

Continued Next Page...

WIRING THE TI KEYBOARD:

I cut all traces just where they attach
each pin. Two color, 24 gauge, stranded wire
works well and it helps to keep the indi-
vidual connections in order. A _ low-wattage
soldering iron, Radio Shack's five piece set
worked well for the project. Watch for
solder bridges. Any bare wires should be

taped to prevent shorts in the matrix. Take
your time. Follow Fig.1 for the wire con-
nections.

EXTRA KEYS:

There are six extra keys on the TI key-
board, not found on the 2068. I removed five
of them using de-soldering braid (I used
less than a foot of braid). I decided to
re-arrange the extra keys as a set of CURSOR
keys. A welcome addition. I ran wire jumpers
from the TI keyboard to connect then.

Note: I left one of the extra keys on. I
have plans to convert it to a single key
delete (I haven't done this yet). Any sug-
gestions?
MAKING THE CONNECTION:

I used an 18" piece of ribbon cable,

stripped-down to 13 strands to make the con-
nection. Fig.2 shows where the short ribbon
cable from the 2068 keyboard attaches to the
2068 PC board. The ribbon cable that has
been added to the TI, attaches to the other
end, at the original keyboard connection. It
is also a good idea to unplug the _ short
ribbon cable from the PC board when tackin

on the new one. I removed my 2068 keyboar

and disassembled it to find the wiring
matrix (I never re-installed it).

Plug the ribbon cable back in and test
your new keyboard. Any problems? If so,
power down and check your soldering con-
nections.

THE CASE:
I used a piece of 1/2" plywood (17 1/4" |

x 6"), cut out and routed to fit the TI key-|
board. The holes for the CURSOR keys’ were
drilled. The Cursor keys are held in place’

with a small amount of EPOXY glue. They have
held up well. I hot-glued small pieces of
plywood to the sides of the plywood top,
making it a case. I also covered the case
with contact paper, matching the color of
the monitor. I built an open ended, open
bottom cover with cutouts for peripherals,
that sits on top of the 2068, and my monitor
on top of that. You can use just about any
materials to build your case. I would like
to suggest that you use what you are famil-
iar with. The extra length of my Case, is'|
because I also added the HI-TEK 18-key-pad..
The keypad is also from Arnold Company.
It is priced at $6.95. It is also just jump-
ered wired to the TI keyboard. I would alsof
like to mention that RMG Enterprises (1419]
1/2 7th St., Oregon City, OR 97045) has re-
placement key labels for the 2068. If you

run into any problems, drop me a S.A.S.E at)
OR 97146).

P.O. Box 153, Warrenton,

I'll try
to help all I can.

Fig. 2

More On The Oliger Disc Interface

by Dick Wagner

My article on the Oliger 2068 Floppy
Disc Interface in the March/April 86 issue,
had an error that should be corrected. The
next to last paragraph incorrectly stated
the number of K bytes that an Amdek 3" disk
will store. John Oliger set me straight on
this.

The number of bytes the system will
store per side (single side, double density)

is 195.5K. As mentioned in my review, a side
will store 4 regular files plus 1 special
file, 0. Correctly, a single file is always
48.5 kbytes, and the special file is about
1.5 kbytes. This comes about by the manner

in which the system operates
limits in the disc systen.

John Oliger also has provided an expla-
nation of "tracks" as used in a disc system.

and not by

A track is a stopping place or the position
of the head. Thus my Amdek drive is defined
as a 40 track system (1 disc side). This is

a little different from my understanding of
drive,

the specifications provided with the

which indicates it has 80 tracks.
John's SAFE system has been _ used
tensely since the review was written. There
has been no problems with it other than I
damaged the special controller IC by zapping
it with static electricity. There have been
updates and revisions, and I am ordering a

e€x-

new EPROM that will provide a MOVE, to copy
a disc from one drive to another, MOVE n_ to
m to copy a file from one disc to another,

and VERIFY. I have not implemented his
fantastic SAVE system, but will do so very
shortly. This will SAVE any program that
will load into the computer! Just a press of
a switch button. No LOAD command is used.

My apology to John, and I hope any
reader turnedoff by my error will re-read my
report plus others that are being printed.

At least send for John's literature and
quotes. (Write to: The John Oliger Company,
11601 Whidbey Dr., Cumberland, IN 46229)

SOFTWARE IN REVIEW

EXTENSIONS

Reviewed by Dennis Silvestri

How do you improve ae great
Easy, make it even better. That is
what Robert Fischer did with Tom Woods's
Pro/File 2068. It is called "Extensions".
Extensions are three separate newsletters in
which the user types in the improvements to
Pro/File 2068. My review is a combined list-
ing of all three Extension issues.

A big feature is the use of variables
using the VAL and CODE function which will
Save approximately 2000 plus bytes. There is
an improved Save-Verify function, as well as
an improvement on making a back-up master.
You can save everything as well as the MC,
so you do not need a separate Master Tape to
load in first, or you can save the Basic
with data just as it is done on the original
Pro/File 2068, or you can save just the data
itself. There is also a more compact display
and edit menu, allowing more commands to be
seen at one time on one screen.

There is a cursor wrap feature which I
found extremely convenient. There are inm-
provements to the Machine Code sort routine

product?
exactly

even a
transfer Ex-

and the tally function. There is
function that allows you to
tentions improvements to any existing Pro/
File data you may have. Extensions also has
a routine to make it Spectrum and Microdrive
compatible. There are more improvements that
I have not listed. In order to get the full
benefits of Extensions you should have all
three issues.

Keep in mind that you do need Pro/File
2068, and the machine code sort routine from
Tom Woods Breakthrough Newsletter before in-
puting the Extensions/improvements. Each
issue of Extensions is $6.00 each and can be
ordered from Robert C. Fischer, 221 Scoggins

St., Summerville, GA 30747. There is also a
version of all three Extension issues on
tape, which can be merged with Pro/File

2068. It is called Pro/File Plus Three,
it costs $18.00.

and

With all the improvements offered by
Extensions, you will still have all the ca-
pacity of the original Pro/File 2068 for

files.

your

Address Kook

Reviewed by Duncan Teague

MoOdres= Book
2etra Sreteme. Inc.
*S-06 Jamaica Avenue
Woodhaven. Ny 11421
¥73> 26681°S9 . 935
Why should you buy a dedicated name,
address, and telephone number file manager Either a screen listing or a hard copy

when there are several general purpose pro-
grams available to accomplish the same task?
Does it have any special features that make
it worthy of your ten bucks? Read on and
find out the answers to these and other
burning questions.

"Address Book" has been developed by
Mark Fendrick. Mr. Fendrick is a columnist
for at least publications, including ZX Conm-
puting and The Computer Shopper.

The above fact does not give him in-
stant credibility as a software developer.
It does, however, offer a rare chance at an
objective look at a program written by an
individual who regularly writes critical
reviews of others' software creations.

I'll quote a comment from Fendrick's
review of two programs in the January issue
of The Computer Shopper.

"..e-neither of these two
extraordinary in and of itself."

What's ironic about this comment is
that one of the programs Fendrick is evalu-
ating is a mailing list/address book program
that offers more features than his own.

Address Book first announces that you
have the opportunity to load the machine
code portion of your Aerco interface driver.
If you don't have an Aerco Interface, then
you may still use the T/S 2040 printer. I

programs is

do, I did, and it works. I did have to make
some modifications to adapt the printer
codes to my Prowriter.

Data is entered into 6 fields: 1. Name,

2. Address, 3. City and State, 4. Zip Code,
5S. Area Code, and 6. Telephone Number.

Sorting may be done by name, by zip, or
by area code. My only criticism is that
"name" should have been split into two
fields, a first name field and a last name
field. As the program is written, data must
be entered as "last name, first name" for an
alphabetical listing to be useful.

The record and file handling chores are
handled with ease. A record can be deleted
or edited. When editing, a press of the
ENTER key skips a field in which no change
is to be made. The file can be searched to
find a specific record. The search word does
not have to be an exact match. The search
routine finds the first record that starts
with the characters entered.

30

printout of the file is available. These two
options can be started at the beginning or
at any point in the middle of the file. The
hard copy can easily be formatted for the
printing of mailing lables. Telephone num-
bers can be printed or omitted as desired.
The number of line feeds required between
forms is also specified with this option.

The program continuously reports how
many records may still be added to the file.
The screen information, however, doesn't
agree with the documentation. While this is
a minor flaw, there are some more _ serious,
but correctable, programming flaws.

The FOR...NEXT loop in which the number
of line feeds between forms is specified is

programmed incorrectly. One more line feed
than the user specifies is sent to the
printer. One printer code in the program

actually calls for a form feed from my Pro-
writer, instead of a line feed. Another
problem, a little harder to trace, is in the
screen listing of the file.

After entering several records, if you
request a screen listing of the file, the
program returns to the menu. This is an

ever-present annoyance caused by an ON ERR
statement that sends the program back to the
menu whenever any error situation is en-

countered. The error in this routine is an
undefined variable. The variable ZS is de-
fined in the hard copy routine but not in
the screen listing routine. Adding the line:
2014 LET ZS = ES

fixes the problem.

The folks at Zebra Systems, Inc., who
are distributing this program for Mark Fen-
drick, have left themselves (and us) a
safety valve whereby the program may be
stopped (for tracing program errors, no
doubt). At the main menu, typing "1" causes
the string input prompt to be displayed in
the editing area. Typing "zebra" at this in-

put prompt executes an ON ERR RESET command
and then STOPs the program. Neat, huh?
Unfortunately, that is the cleverest

part of this progrm. A general database will
accomplish the same tasks, with greater
speed, and with more flexibility. Don't
waste your time with single purpose programs
unless they offer some extraordinary fea-
tures. Address Book does not.

When requesting catalogs, information, and making purchases,
please mention that you saw the ad in TIME DESIGNS!

Yes! We Have the
QL MOUSE!

The QL now has its own Mouse. The Mouse plus
its special interface is available now and offers the
best GEM-like system currently available for the
QL. The package comes with E.A.S.E., a totally
new user concept for the QL. E.A.S.E supports a
desktop environment similar to GEM and includes
pulldown menus, icons, scrollable windows, a cal-
culator, and a game. E.A.S.E. gives easy access to
all QDOS system functions. Also supplied is GIGA
BASIC, an extension of SuperBASIC with over 70
additional commands, a full-screen editor, sprites,
and mouse control commands. Write or call for
prices and catalog.

English Micro Connection
15 Kilburn Court — Newport, RI 02840
401/849-3805

ee

Great New
GRAPHICS
DESIGN
Program
For The 2068

an updated version of the original PS/GE 2068, with the same
powerful graphic editor capabilities: Window COPY, ERASE,
ROTATE, ZOOM, WIDE, MIRROR-IMAGE, PAINT, SHADE,
INVERT, and DIGITIZE in the Standard and Extended Color
video modes. Merge parts of two screens into one screen. Full use
of 2068 attributes. Also uses the hi-res (64 col.) video for draw and
print. NEW FUNCTIONS include: a CONNECT function to con-
nect designated points. New TEXT mode includes for print fonts
(standard, bold, modern, or italics), or load your own fonts.
PLOT function is 2 to 3 times faster! PIXEL SKETCH AND
GRAPHICS EDITOR 2068 version 2.0 is easy to use, menu
driven, Joystick controlled, and comes with 20 page manual. Built
in print driver for TASMAN CPI, but compatible with most full
size printers and interfaces (documentation shows how to imple-
ment your own print codes). PS/GE 2068 accesses special func-
ions on Star and Epson type printers. Get your copy of the new
PIXEL SKETCH AND GRAPHICS EDITOR 2068 version 2.0
today! ONLY $19.95 ppd. (owners of original PS/GE can send
Original tape as proof of purchase, and pay only $10.95 for new
version 2.0) PS/GE is available from:

posi me fh Lemke Software Development
20K 2 mm / 2144 White Oak
i—ortwarel! Witchita, KS 67207
’ Send legal SASE for free catalog

of top quality programs for 2068

PRICE
BREA.

3REAKTHROUGH!

Thanks toa MAJOR cost reduction, we can now offer the
Rotronics WAFADRIVE (Less Rainbow Interface) for
ONLY $99.95! The WAFADRIVE offers® TWO 128K
high speed drives operating at almost 2K per
second @ An RS232 (serial) and a Centronics (parallel)
port that allow WAFADRIVE to run almost any full size
printer @® Extended Basic operating system@A blank
wafer@and the Spectral Writer word processor
program.

The WAFADRIVE is a Spectrum compatible device, and
when used with the Rainbow Plus interface, your Timex
2068 will run thousands of Spectrum programs.

The Rainbow Plus Spectrum interface is both a
spectrum emulator AND a spectrum hardware adaptor
all in one compact case. For only $49.95 we will even
throw in free Spectrum software to get you started!

TO ORDER: DAMCO ENTERPRISES
Send Check, Money Order 67 Bradley Ct.
VISA or MASTERCARD to: Fall River, MA 02720

or call (617) 678-2110

SFPFESFESLELELLSLESSESEEPSTPSE SESS

: ARE YOU USING A x 3 |
i ORF TLL 4 | LAS EAY
$ BAN AM eT? & | Le] 14
¥$ 1S YOUR RIBBON WORN OUT & DRIED OUT? + PAS Ke LYE
+ ARE YOU HAVING TROUBLE FINDING THEN? $
% WOW YOU CAN USE THAT OLD RIBBON AGAIN' # CONTROLLER BOARD FOR TS 2068
$O0UR NEWGB RE-INKING KIT [5 NOW SPEC TRUPT EPTUL ATOR COMPA TIBLE
# AVAILABLE' WITH THIS KIT YOU CAN RE-INK $
% REDO YOUR OLD RIBBON AT LEAST 188 TIMES: = $ - High speed : loads 32k bytes in 7.5 seconds
$ THE KIT COSTS ABOUT THE SAME AS 1 NEW $ - commands are: LOAD SAVE DIRECTORY DELETE
4 RIBBON----ONLY #7. 95+1.58 PH £ FORMAT COPY MOVE snd BADBLOCKS
+ ORDER TODAY! STOP STRAINING TO READ: + - Uses IBMPC compatibleS 1/4” double sided
+ & disk drives (SHUGART SA455 or compatible)
NORTHWEST SINCLAIR HDQ@TRS! # - Disk capacity : 160 k bytes
3 + i - Dos is on a bank switched 2K eprom
+ JUST CALL OR WRITE: # | - Only 1 USR call is required
F 3 + - Assembled and tested all cables and connectors
$ RriGs £ supplied
+ MITE Re rR SEs 3 - Single drive version is available now but 4 second
¢ 1419 1/2 7TH STREET $ drive can be easily added (this mod will be available
¢ OREGON CITY, OR 97045 #4 pare ere 86)
$ (SOQ) 655-7484 £ - 60 day money back guarantee
; - Made in CANADA , many already in use
+ S.A.5.E. : orice:
$ FOR FREE CATALOG + =, sli
¢ SEND THIS AD OR COPY WITH # $95.00(US) + $6.00 shipping
# ORDER-GET COUPON GOOD FOR # From:LARKEN ELECTRONICS
¢ ¢5 OFF NEXT ORDER FOR #25 # RR#2 NAVAN ONTARIO
; OR MORE : : CANADA K4B-1H9

$FSESTHSLESSSSSSHSLSS SSS SSESS

ON SALE!

B QL Computer ..... Ae . e

Flatscreen Pocket VV 5 cise - cbse vi vicicie e ous

C. W. Associates

419 N. Johnson Street
Ada, Ohio 45810

a ee |
ae ee ee ee ee ee

ia tt #@ &t tee Pe Pe Pc hUh Cl hl RTCUcrhRhTChUrhhULrhhUchCUhThUhrChUrRTmhUh TC CUCU

1000 Supertape........ Ue eWees tees ee

| 2068 Diamond Mike ..... a anpaaneehice i Scultiee

2068 Great Game and Graphics Show ....17.95
NE LEE Oe Le Tee ee 9.95

PROGR Tee CONGO? «vice ccc ccc cee cvecases 2.00 —
Prices include shipping.

Supporting the Sinclair QL
JRC Software and Games
P.O. Box 448

Scottsburg, IN 47170

For information and prices:
Legol-size SASE

* Send cashier's check or money order for QL

Computer. Get $30 credit toward software. 11 C4192 634-4874 (E-00pm - 9:00pm)

Indiana residents please include 5% for sales tax.

| More QL and 2068 programs available later.

LARKEN
DISK DRIVE py-g7

Controller Boards for :
Features Common to Both. 4 CON

- LDOS on Eprom supports Basic Programs, Code blocks and Arrays |
Commands are-DIRECTORY,LOAD,SAVE,FORMAT, DELETE and EXIT
- The Directory is maintained by the DOS, (no need for manual
directory entrys as with some other disk drives)
Up to 52 files per disk - Efficient use of disk space (no “pages”)
Uses Shugart 455 or compatible 5.25” double sided drives
Zx-81 version can be converted to 2068 version and
vice versa (cable and Eprom required). Data is even compatible
Capacity -160K per disk : Loads 32k bytes in 75 sec
Assembled and tested :60 day money back guarantee
ZX-81 1TS1000 features:
- The most Powerful DOS for the ZX-81 : Very User Friendly
i - Dos uses 12K - 16K area: 2k RAM on disk controller
- Uses no ZX-81 RAM - No more ram pack wobble (ribbon cable)
2068 Features :
- Spectrum Emulator Compatible
| - Disk with utility programs included
| = Additional commands on disk

Mind your own

business...
on a Sinclair QL!

Announcing INTEGRATED ACCOUNTS, the first
serious business accounting package for the Sin-
clair QL. Designed for the small business person
unfamiliar with computers but wanting or needing
to computerize his bookkeeping and accounting
functions, this package possesses many of the
functions and capabilities of software normally
found on much larger computer systems. Sales,
Purchases, and Nominal Ledgers right through to
Profit and Loss and Balance Sheets. Power and
ease of use have been combined to provide a truly
superior accounting package for your QL.

Other serious business software also available
such as Appointment Manager, Stock Control, QL

| Prices: $95.00 (US) for single drive controller

$99.00 for 1 or 2 drive controller
$4.00 for drive cable (all other cables included)
include $5.00 shipping
Send certified cheque or M.0. To - LARKEN ELECTRONICS
(specify ZX-81 or 2068) RR#2 NAVAN ONTARIO
CANADA K4B-1H9

Home Finance, QL Decision Maker, QL Project
Planner, and Mailing List. Call or write for prices
and a catalog.

English Micro Connection

15 Kilburn Court — Newport, RI 02840
401/849-3805

SHARP ’S INC.

Rt. 10 Box 459
Mechanicsville, Va. 23111
(804) 746-1664 or 730-9697

EFFECTIVE MAY 1,1986

QL Computer with WAR IN THE EAST #289.00

@L RGB Monitor #289.00

QL Printer $289.00

2 J6K Ram $179.00

Microdrives $7.95

War in the East $29.95 (with scenario 1 only?
Write or call for our catalog.

T/S 2068 or SPECTRUM 48K
War in the East

Fall af the Third Reich
Ardennes

Britain Invaded'!

#19.95 each
$34.95 any 2 programs
$49.90 any 3 programs

Visa & Master Card accepted. 3% surcharge for charge card orders.
Free shipping by UPS or ist Class. Most orders shipped in 2 to 7 days.

U

TS 1000 | TS 1500

The Rigerbals cee
User's Magazine

Hardware Projects ¢ Hardware Reviews
Software Reviews * Product Comparisons
Published Monthly ¢ Back Issues Available

Free Personal Ads for Subscribers

SUM Magazine is aimed at Sinclair and Timex users who
want to learn what is available for their computers, how to
do things no one else is doing, and what is just over the
horizon. Examples of recent articles include: Reviewing
the Portuguese Disk Drive System; Rotronics Wafadrive
Review; Hi-Res Graphics for TS-1000; Build Your Own
Printer Interface; & a series on Beginner's Programming.

SUM Magazine invites articles, reviews, and projects for
possible publication. We pay for articles published!
Hardware and software producers are invited to submit
their products for review.

Annual Subscription/12 issues (U.S.) .............. $15
Sample Copy—$1.00

SUM Magazine
3224 NW 30 Avenue — Gainesville, Florida 32605
904/378-9000 or 462-1086

QuarTerS

A quarterly publication for
Timex/Sinclair computer user.

",..-Every issue has been full of helpful
articles, great software reviews and new
product information. Thanks for publishing
a needed magazine for TS computer owners
and for keeping it easy to read and
understand. I have read other TS computer
re but none have been as helpful to

as QuarTerS...I'm really’ glad I
pebaerbtiad to QuarTerS...''-C. Bower

One year subs. only $8.00. Overseas
only $11.00(US$). Check or MO to:
WMJ DATA SYSTEMS, 4 Butterfly Dr,
Hauppauge, NY 11/788.

Fes FREE FIRST ISSUE SUM .

* Send this capon to WJ Data Systems, 4 Butterfly °
. Drive, es NY 11788. You will receive oe *
" free issue of QIS ard w will bill yu foraae -
year subscription. If you do rot want to subscribe *

* rite cancel on the bill and keep your free issve. ’

» NAME
. STREET

SS ee

-STATE ZIP met

ese eee eesesueseseseseseeseeseeseeseteeseseeseesente#ste#te#etseteneeeetss#

the

DIAMOND MIKE II

NEW MACHINE CODE
_ ARCADE AT!

JRC SOFTWARE proudly announces a breakthrough in
2068/Spectrum compatible games called DIAMOND MIKE
ll. It is a true arcade quality game with brilliant graphics,
color and sound. The object is to collect enough diamonds
before time runs out, while avoiding falling rocks, ferocious
amebas and killer butterflies. There are 22 different
screens and 6 levels! DIAMOND MIKE II is sale priced at
$17.95! Ten day money-back guarantee! Just $2.00 extra
for C.0.D. Or mail check or money order to:

JAC SOFTWARE
P.O. Box 448
scottsburg, IN 47170
Phone (812) 752-5106 or 752-6071
Diamond Mike II is 100% 16K Machine Code.

Free "Electronic Catalog" with your order!

ORDER OUR CATALOG!
and get this .

FREE Software !

on cassette...

FOR THE TS2068

JRC Softwerée and GCameft Cataicg.

1. 3D Moving Display

2. 3D Pyramid

3. DIAMOND MIKE game demo

4. 3D Tic-Tac-Toe demo

5. Plus commentary by programmer
John Coffey on 32-bit computers.

Our unique product catalog and free
software all on a quality tape only...
$2.00
Order Yours Today!

JRC Software

P.O. Box 448
scottsburg, IN 47170

HKHHKKKKKKAKHHKRHEKE CIOMDEL BROT SET AD ond 2 IMTS HEKRKKRKEEHHHRHERKRESE

This collection of EIGHT "Mandelbrot art" prints was produced entirely on a TS
computer. These lovely 16"x12" monochrome posters are "suitable for framing,"
but will enhance your computer space even if you simply tack them to the wall.

SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY OFFER:

Get EIGHT PRINTS for only USt 180.660 (Cdn@® 12.56) postpaid anywhere in North
America. Send check or money order to:

Fred Nachbaur
C-i2, Mtn. Stn. Group Box
Nelson, BC VIL SP1
Canada

Advanced Video Modes
It’s here at last, software that supports all the advanced display
modes of the T/S 2068! By sacrificing just 1K of memory look
what you get:
«normal, dual, extended colour, and 64 column modes
«compatiblity with most printers including T/S 2040
*a UDG replacement that’s like sprites
*a full sized 12 page instruction manual
*new features can easily be added because the code is in RAM
* programs LISTable in any mode

«loads in only 15 seconds
All this for the low, low price of $20.00 Can/$15.00 US!

Send cheque or money order for $1.50 for our complete catalogue with Demonstration
AS Air _ Tape plus bonus programs. We pay the postage & handling costs on all orders!

(2 (A$ = “neni. COMPUTE MeoDueTs

$99 MUNROE AVENUE, WINNIPEG, MANITOBA, R2K 1J4

(The best DAM software around?

NN

ty
/

| —_—_

4

an
ax

al
ra,

FAST, EASY TO USE, MC routine to
allow BASIC PRINTing on lower 2
lines. ASCII & UDG. Printout-S$2;
On your tape or wafer-$3; on my
tape-S5. Send MO to: J K Paulsen
250 Mason Ct. Sycamore, IL 60178
For 2068. State 32 or OS64 use.
FOR SALE: T/S 1000's. ..$10. OO ea.
These have been tested and work.

No manuals or power supplies.

Dean Miller, 29324 Park St.
Wickliffe, OH 44092 Tel. (216)
944-8630

MONEY MACHINE. Exciting new Racal

game for the T/S 2068. May be

habit forming. From ABBA Soft.

Tape $10; Llist $3, ppd. Herb

Bowers, 2588 Woodshire Circle,
Chesapeake, VA 23323

SOFTWARE for tHies Timex 2068.

Send a S.A.S.E. for a free

catalog to: TIMEWARE, 1907 1/2

West Genesee St., Syracuse, NY

13204

DERBY DAY-2068. The nonpariel

racing game. Unparalleled fun &
excitement for ages 4 to won't

tell. Prints tickets on TS-2040

& can be used as a fund raiser.

$10. Ron Ruegg, 37529 Perkins

sista perms s Lite LA 70769.

WANTED: T/S 1000, ZxX81l, 64K memory ,
also info about programs: "ZXAD"
(assembler-—debugger), or ."MCODER".
Will trade software. Send list and
SASE. Write: R. Beier, 1 Darwin
‘Drive, N. Spisiaisiams NY 11566

IBM GRAPHICS PRINTER for —_
Same as Epson MX80. Like new,
used for 6 months. Dot matrix,
80 CPS, all Epson functions
except Italics. $200 or best
offer. (503) 760-7786 or (503)
643-8444, ask for Syd.

the Classifieds | G

Do you have some equipment or a program that you would like to sell? Looking for something hard to find? Place an
ad in THE CLASSIFIEDS! Subscribers can place one free personal ad in each issue. Ad size is 32 Col. wide (like 2040
paper) and maximum of six lines. For additional lines - $3 each. NON-SUBSCRIBERS and DEALERS: $4 a line.

DEADLINE FOR ALL CLASSIFIED ADS: Two weeks before publication date. Mail your ad to:
_TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE, The Classifieds Dept., 29722 Hult Rd., Colton, Oregon 97017.

36

SUBSCRIBERS

FOR SALE: Timex boxed 2068 Soft-
ware. 6 titles. Quadra-Chart,
VU-3D, Dragmaster, Crossfire,
Fun Golf and Blind Alley. $130
retail, new, ALL 6 FOR $25 to
first caller at (218) 346-2129.
p.m. only.

DISK FILE MANAGER for AERCO
FD-68. Detailed directory and
tracks. Checks and copies files.
$16 ppd. on 5.25" disk or tape.
Chia-Chi Chao, 73 Sullivan Dr.,
Moraga, CA 94556. SASE for info.

——_— sos ra a ee es ee a

AERCO FD-68 $150; AERCO C/P $50;
Timex 2068 $50; WS 2050 $50;

T/S 1000 $10. D. Gustafson, P.O.
Box 3/00, Pensacola, FL 32516

T/S 2068 UTILITIES: Auto-line
Number, Renumber (GOTOs, GOSUBs,
ect.), Read Tape Header, Display
Vars., Find String in Prog. $10.
Michael Cover, 1405 Chevington
Cir., Zanesville, OH 43701

TS SS ee eee ee Ee SS ee OOO CC ee Oem ee Se ee Sc lc |: C060 Oe ee

FOR SALE: 2068 Computer with two
tapes, Spectrum Emulator, and
Timex Printer. Best offer. John
Coffey, PO Box 448, Scottsburg,
IN 47170. (812) 752-6071. Tech
Manual available.

WOULD LIKE TO CONTACT MIDI I/F
OWNERS who use 2068 or Spectrum
and any keyboard. Professional
musicians or amateur hobbyists.
May start Sinclair MIDI users
group/newsletter. Write to: Tim
Woods c/o TIME DESIGNS, 29722
Hult Rd., Colton, OR 97017

——_—_———— i eee ee eee OS ee Oe es Oe nO Se a - - e- l lc C eI: Or ee Ss ee se a: ee a ws: n— nr ee

COLLECTOR'S SPECIAL- Commodore
VIC20 computer, 16K RAM, manuals,
power supply, two games. Also
includes adaptor to allow use of
any cassette recorder. $50 takes
it. Call Gary Walker, (604) 354-
3858.

WEYMIL CORPORATION

...makes a serious commitment to the Timex user in the development of high-quality, in-
novative, and user-friendly software, complete with layman-oriented documentation, and all
at affordable prices. We are proud to offer you:

* THRUST*

Finally, real graphics power for your TS See
1000! THRUST, the last word in cursor- =
controlled hi-res graphics for screen or

eee or SE.

printer Output, is a software package —————— mit SEE at
composed of SincArtist HR and SincAr- — a SERRE

tist 1.3. Examine this sample for an idea —— = | RSS aS Sg
of the powerful versitility of THRUST. © + REE ass 5 se)
SINCARTIST 1.3 - The original! Fan- aaa eats a
tastic hi-res graphics delivered to the 2040 wee TOR; EEE
printer. SincArtist 1.3 boasts excellent Sees Boies Be

332323 Het Htt

user-group reviews and is simply the best Ha $3
non-hardware system available. Note all Ree #
these features:

— 192 x 256 high-resolution file displayed in a 48 x 64 screen window

— Circles, triangles, rectangles, quadrilaterals, rays, inversing, and more

— 40 redifinable patterns and a variety of draw and fill modes

— Cursor or joystick control

— No system modifications required

sesessssesesstes

HE

eeverve
“
ee
OOGe We eo
oe
Oars

SINCARTIST HR - The last word in cursor-controlled high-resolution screen graphics. Copy
artwork to the 2040 printer and save to tape. SincArtist HR requires a TS 1000 with a
socketed 2K RAM, less than $10.00 in parts, and a few minutes with a soldering iron. Super
user-friendly documentation and instructions included. All modifications are fully
transparent to other peripherals. HUNTER BOARD OWENRS: All you need is the FREE
hardware upgrade that we provide!!!!!

THRUST includes SincArtist HR and Sinc-Artist 1.3 (these programs are not sold
separately). The Ultimate Hi-Res Tape is available exclusively from Weymil Corporation for
only $20.

* MINI XMOD *

MINI XMOD - Allows your Westridge or Byte-Back modem to up and download Timex pro-
grams to any XModem protocol BBS.

— Fully documented with easy-to-follow instructions for the layman

— 16K and 64K versions included

— Ideal for storage in Hunter Board
— Produced on high-quality casette for the ZX 81, TS 1000, and TS 1500

MINI XMOD is available from Weymil Corporation for only $20. Please specify Westridge
or Byte-Back version.

WEYMIL CORPORATION
BOX 5904
BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-5904

(Write for a free catalogue of other TS 2068 and TS 1000 products)

Now, you can build

a QL system with
Siicisir peripherals
from Knighted Computers

The o optimum partner for business =
personal use. 100 cps (draft)/20 cps (NLQ).
New technology Letter Quality, QL matching
B with RS232 interface & cable.

The Sinclair QL
with FREE ICE!

OR -- IF YOU DON'T WANT ‘ICE’ - TAKE YOUR PICK OF ANY ONE OF THE 19 TITLES Desi ned ton l form.
BELOW - - ABSOLUTELY FREE WITH YOUR ORDER FOR A SINCLAIR QL I!!!

a ed cal harper i
QL MON/DISA CARTRIDGE DOCTOR = COSMOS the Sinclair Vision QL colour moniiot.
QL TOOLKIT WD UTILITIES WEST ) Developed in conjunction with Sinclair
QL CHESS SPACE PARANOIDS QSPELL Research, this nt ag sph pa = — -.

- RAUDOON iv | 12” non-glare tube, 85 column text display an
Oh CAVERNS aonb Sc debe high resolution colour graphics is the perfect
QL TOUCH-N-GO BLAST BUGGY | partner to the Sinclair QL computer. Comes
QL HOME FINANCE AREA RADAR CONTROLLER complete pe sae eee and connector for instant

with the
QL GARDENER QUAZIMODO ga

GALACTIC INVADERS & STAR GUARD SB EXTRAS

PACKAGE DEAL= QL COMPUTER & ABOVE MONITOR & PRINTER w/cables $799.00

=== DELIVERED ANYWHERE IN CONTINENTIAL USA !!!

TO SAVE YOU EVEN MORE S$SSS - WE OFFER YOU AN ADDITIONAL 10% OFF ON SOFTWARE
WHEN YOU ORDER TWO OR MORE TITLES - - - WRITE FOR OUR FREE CATALOG

HERE ARE JUST A FEW OF THE NEW TITLES WE'RE OFFERING :

QL FLIGHT SIMULATOR S$. 29:95 QL HYPERDRIVE $ 19.95

CITADELL ee 92 SPOOK §$ 19.95 BJ IN 3D LAND § 19.95

QL HOME FINANCE $¢$ 24.95 QL GARDENER $24.95 PROJECT PLANNER § 40.95
SUPERCHARGE BASIC COMPILER $ 79.95 TOOLKIT 22 98. 54.95 COSMOS $ 24.95

VISA/MASTERCARD ACCEPTED SHIPPING & HANDLING CONT. USA $3.00 (TOTAL ORDER)
SPECIAL - S&H FOR MONITORS & PRINTERS $7. 50. (TOTAL ORDER) CONT. USA